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Simultaneous Pre-Concentration and HPLC-MS/MS Quantification of Phycotoxins and Cyanotoxins in Inland and Coastal Waters

Author

Listed:
  • Francesca Merlo

    (Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Federica Maraschi

    (Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Davide Piparo

    (Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Antonella Profumo

    (Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Andrea Speltini

    (Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to set up a sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of phycotoxins and cyanotoxins—Emerging pollutants with different structures and harmful properties (hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cytotoxicity)—In environmental waters. Due to the low concentrations detected in these samples, a pre-concentration step is required and here it was performed in a single step with a commercial cartridge (Strata™-X), achieving enrichment factors up to 200 and satisfactory recovery (R = 70–118%) in different aqueous matrices. After solid-phase extraction (SPE), toxins were separated and quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Heated ElectroSpray Ionisation Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-HESI-MS/MS) in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. An analytical evaluation of the proposed method was done based on the analytical figures of merit, such as precision and trueness, linearity, selectivity, and sensitivity, and it turned out to be a robust tool for the quantification of ng L −1 levels, phycotoxins and cyanotoxins in both freshwater and saltwater samples.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesca Merlo & Federica Maraschi & Davide Piparo & Antonella Profumo & Andrea Speltini, 2020. "Simultaneous Pre-Concentration and HPLC-MS/MS Quantification of Phycotoxins and Cyanotoxins in Inland and Coastal Waters," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-10, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:13:p:4782-:d:379787
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