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Evaluation of Inflammation by Cytokine Production Following Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Radiofrequency Radiation of Mobile Phones on 3D Reconstructed Human Skin In Vitro

Author

Listed:
  • Zsófia Szilágyi

    (Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Zsuzsanna Németh

    (Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary)

  • József Bakos

    (Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Péter Pál Necz

    (Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Anna Sáfár

    (Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Györgyi Kubinyi

    (Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Brahim Selmaoui

    (Department of Experimental Toxicology, National Institute of Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), 60550 Verneuilen Halate, France
    PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France)

  • György Thuróczy

    (Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary)

Abstract

The absorption of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) emitted by wireless devices leads to a high specific absorption rate in the skin. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can induce several damages to the skin. The aim of this study was to examine whether combined, consecutive exposure to solar UV radiation and 1950 MHz RF exposure of third generation (3G) mobile system have any effect on inflammation processes in the skin. Under in vitro experiments, the inflammation process was examined by cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8) and MMP-1 enzyme secretion on 3D full thickness human skin model. The RF exposure was applied before or after UV irradiation, in order to study either the possible cooperative or protective effects of exposure to RF and UV. We did not find changes in cytokines due to exposure to RF alone. The RF exposure did not enhance the effects of UV radiation. There was a statistically not-significant decrease in cytokines when the skin tissues were pre-exposed to RF before being exposed to 4 standard erythemal dose (SED) UV compared to UV exposure alone. We found that RF exposure reduced the previously UV-treated MMP-1 enzyme concentration. This study might support the evaluation of the effects on the skin exposed to microwave radiation of 5G mobile technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Zsófia Szilágyi & Zsuzsanna Németh & József Bakos & Péter Pál Necz & Anna Sáfár & Györgyi Kubinyi & Brahim Selmaoui & György Thuróczy, 2020. "Evaluation of Inflammation by Cytokine Production Following Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Radiofrequency Radiation of Mobile Phones on 3D Reconstructed Human Skin In Vitro," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:12:p:4401-:d:373624
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yi Cao & Jian Tong, 2014. "Adaptive Response in Animals Exposed to Non-Ionizing Radiofrequency Fields: Some Underlying Mechanisms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-8, April.
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