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Proton Pump Inhibitors and Fracture Risk: A Review of Current Evidence and Mechanisms Involved

Author

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  • Benjamin Ka Seng Thong

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Kok-Yong Chin

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

Abstract

The number of patients with gastroesophageal problems taking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is increasing. Several studies suggested a possible association between PPIs and fracture risk, especially hip fractures, but the relationship remains contentious. This review aimed to investigate the longitudinal studies published in the last five years on the relationship between PPIs and fracture risk. The mechanism underlying this relationship was also explored. Overall, PPIs were positively associated with elevated fracture risk in multiple studies ( n = 14), although some studies reported no significant relationship ( n = 4). Increased gastrin production and hypochlorhydria are the two main mechanisms that affect bone remodeling, mineral absorption, and muscle strength, contributing to increased fracture risk among PPI users. As a conclusion, there is a potential relationship between PPIs and fracture risks. Therefore, patients on long-term PPI treatment should pay attention to bone health status and consider prophylaxis to decrease fracture risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Ka Seng Thong & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana & Kok-Yong Chin, 2019. "Proton Pump Inhibitors and Fracture Risk: A Review of Current Evidence and Mechanisms Involved," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:9:p:1571-:d:228396
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    Cited by:

    1. Ming-Hsuan Chung & Yong-Chen Chen & Wen-Tung Wu & Ming-Hsun Lin & Yun-Ju Yang & Dueng-Yuan Hueng & Tsung-Kun Lin & Yu-Ching Chou & Chien-An Sun, 2022. "Clinical Use of Lansoprazole and the Risk of Osteoporosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-9, November.

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