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Using Rural–Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCS) to Examine Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crash Injury and Enforcement in New York State

Author

Listed:
  • Joyce C. Pressley

    (Departments of Epidemiology and Health Policy and Management and Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention at Columbia, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA)

  • Leah M. Hines

    (Bureau of Occupational Health and Injury Prevention, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, USA)

  • Michael J. Bauer

    (Bureau of Occupational Health and Injury Prevention, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, USA)

  • Shin Ah Oh

    (Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA)

  • Joshua R. Kuhl

    (Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA)

  • Chang Liu

    (Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA)

  • Bin Cheng

    (Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA)

  • Matthew F. Garnett

    (Bureau of Occupational Health and Injury Prevention, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, USA)

Abstract

Rural areas of New York State (NYS) have higher rates of alcohol-related motor vehicle (MV) crash injury than metropolitan areas. While alcohol-related injury has declined across the three geographic regions of NYS, disparities persist with rural areas having smaller declines. Our study aim was to examine factors associated with alcohol-related MV crashes in Upstate and Long Island using multi-sourced county-level data that included the Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) with emergency department visits and hospitalizations, traffic citations, demographic, economic, transportation, alcohol outlets, and Rural–Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCS). A cross-sectional study design employed zero-truncated negative binominal regression models to assess relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Counties ( n = 57, 56,000 alcohol-related crashes over the 3 year study timeframe) were categorized by mean annual alcohol-related MV injuries per 100,000 population: low (24.7 ± 3.9), medium (33.9 ± 1.7) and high (46.1 ± 8.0) ( p < 0.0001). In multivariable analyses, alcohol-related MV injury was elevated for non-adjacent, non-metropolitan counties (RR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.6–3.9) with higher citations for impaired driving showing a small, but significant protective effect. Less metropolitan areas had higher alcohol-related MV injury with inconsistent alcohol-related enforcement measures. In summary, higher alcohol-related MV injury rates in non-metropolitan counties demonstrated a dose–response relationship with proximity to a metropolitan area. These findings suggest areas where intervention efforts might be targeted to lower alcohol-related MV injury.

Suggested Citation

  • Joyce C. Pressley & Leah M. Hines & Michael J. Bauer & Shin Ah Oh & Joshua R. Kuhl & Chang Liu & Bin Cheng & Matthew F. Garnett, 2019. "Using Rural–Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCS) to Examine Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crash Injury and Enforcement in New York State," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:8:p:1346-:d:222789
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kaufman, E.J. & Wiebe, D.J., 2016. "Impact of state ignition interlock laws on alcohol-involved crash deaths in the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(5), pages 865-871.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joyce C. Pressley & Nirajan Puri & Tianhui He, 2023. "Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes in Upstate and Long Island New York: The Impact of High Visibility Seat Belt Enforcement on Multiple Risky Driving Behaviors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-15, January.

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