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Alterations by Air Pollution in Inflammation and Metals in Pleural Effusion of Pneumonia Patients

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  • Kuan-Jen Bai

    (School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan)

  • Kai-Jen Chuang

    (School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan)

  • Jen-Kun Chen

    (Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
    Graduate Institute of Life Sciences and School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan)

  • Cheng-Yu Tsai

    (Sleep Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

  • You-Lan Yang

    (School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan)

  • Chih-Cheng Chang

    (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

  • Tzu-Tao Chen

    (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

  • Chun-Nin Lee

    (School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

  • Po-Hao Feng

    (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

  • Kuan-Yuan Chen

    (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

  • Kang-Yun Lee

    (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

  • Chein-Ling Su

    (School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

  • Shu-Chuan Ho

    (School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

  • Sheng-Ming Wu

    (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

  • Hsiao-Chi Chuang

    (School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan)

Abstract

Air pollution is known to increase the risk of pneumonia. However, the effects of air pollution on the pleural effusion of patients with pneumonia are unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate alterations in inflammatory–immune biomarkers by air pollution in patients with pneumonia by analyzing their pleural effusion. Patients who had undergone thoracentesis to drain their pleural effusion in a hospital were recruited for this study. Patients with pneumonia and those with congestive heart failure respectively served as the case and control groups. We observed that an increase of 1 ppb in one-year NO 2 was associated with a decrease of 0.105 ng/mL in cluster of differentiation 62 (CD62) (95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.085, −0.004, p < 0.05) in the pleural effusion. Furthermore, we observed that an increase in one−year 1 ppb of NO 2 was associated with a decrease of 0.026 ng/mL in molybdenum (Mo) (95% CI = −0.138, −0.020, p < 0.05). An increase in one-year 1 ppb of SO 2 was associated with a decrease of 0.531 ng/mL in zinc (95% CI = −0.164, −0.006, p < 0.05). Also, an increase in one-year 1 ppb of O 3 was associated with a decrease of 0.025 ng/mL in Mo (95% CI = −0.372, −0.053, p < 0.05). In conclusion, air pollution exposure, especially gaseous pollution, may be associated with the regulation of immune responses and changes in metal levels in the pleural effusion of pneumonia patients.

Suggested Citation

  • Kuan-Jen Bai & Kai-Jen Chuang & Jen-Kun Chen & Cheng-Yu Tsai & You-Lan Yang & Chih-Cheng Chang & Tzu-Tao Chen & Chun-Nin Lee & Po-Hao Feng & Kuan-Yuan Chen & Kang-Yun Lee & Chein-Ling Su & Shu-Chuan H, 2019. "Alterations by Air Pollution in Inflammation and Metals in Pleural Effusion of Pneumonia Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:5:p:705-:d:209436
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    Cited by:

    1. Ying Xiong & Meixia Yang & Zhengzhong Wang & Honglin Jiang & Ning Xu & Yixin Tong & Jiangfan Yin & Yue Chen & Qingwu Jiang & Yibiao Zhou, 2022. "Association of Daily Exposure to Air Pollutants with the Risk of Tuberculosis in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-12, May.

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