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E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells

Author

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  • Humidah Alanazi

    (Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada)

  • Abdelhabib Semlali

    (Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada)

  • Witold Chmielewski

    (Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada)

  • Mahmoud Rouabhia

    (Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada)

Abstract

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor comes in contact with the different constituents of the oral cavity, including such microorganisms as Candida albicans . We examined the impact of e-cigarettes on C. albicans growth and expression of different virulent genes, such as secreted aspartic proteases ( SAPs ), and the effect of e-cigarette vapor-exposed C. albicans on gingival epithelial cell morphology, growth, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. An increase in C. albicans growth was observed with nicotine-rich e-cigarettes compared with non-exposed cultures. Following exposure to e-cigarette vapor, C. albicans produced high levels of chitin. E-cigarettes also increased C. albicans hyphal length and the expression of SAP2 , SAP3 , and SAP9 genes. When in contact with gingival epithelial cells, e-cigarette-exposed C. albicans adhered better to epithelial cells than the control. Indirect contact between e-cigarette-exposed C. albicans and gingival epithelial cells led to epithelial cell differentiation, reduced cell growth, and increased LDH activity. Overall, results indicate that e-cigarettes may interact with C. albicans to promote their pathogenesis, which may increase the risk of oral candidiasis in e-cigarette users.

Suggested Citation

  • Humidah Alanazi & Abdelhabib Semlali & Witold Chmielewski & Mahmoud Rouabhia, 2019. "E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:2:p:294-:d:199641
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Farnoosh Haghighi & Leah Andriasian & Nini Chaichanasakul Tran & Renate Lux, 2022. "Effect of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Smoke Condensates on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Gene Expression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Dominic L. Palazzolo & Jordan Caudill & James Baron & Kevin Cooper, 2021. "Fabrication and Validation of an Economical, Programmable, Dual-Channel, Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Generator," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-26, December.

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