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Diet, Secondhand Smoke, and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels among Singapore Chinese Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Brianna F. Moore

    (Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA)

  • Lesley M. Butler

    (The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
    Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA)

  • Annette M. Bachand

    (Ramboll U.S. Corporation, 28 Amity Street Suite 2A, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
    Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA)

  • Agus Salim

    (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
    Baker Institute for Heart and Diabetes, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia)

  • Stephen J. Reynolds

    (Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA)

  • Renwei Wang

    (The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA)

  • Tracy L. Nelson

    (Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA)

  • Jennifer L. Peel

    (Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA)

  • Sharon E. Murphy

    (Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BioPhysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA)

  • Woon-Puay Koh

    (Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
    Saw Swee School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore)

  • Jian-Min Yuan

    (The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
    Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA)

  • Maggie L. Clark

    (Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA)

Abstract

The combination of poor diet and exposure to secondhand smoke may increase hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, but few studies have explored this interaction. We explored an interaction among 574 never-smoking adults from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. At baseline (age 59 ± 8 years), intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C, vitamin E and fiber were estimated using a modified food frequency questionnaire. At follow-up (age 64 ± 9 years), HbA1c and cotinine were measured. A product term between cotinine (above or below the median value) and each nutrient (high or low intake) was included in separate linear regression models with HbA1c as the outcome. HbA1c among those with high cotinine and low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intakes were higher than would be expected due to the individual effects alone ( p -for-interaction = 0.05). Among those with lower intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, high cotinine levels were associated with 0.54% higher HbA1c levels (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 1.06). Conversely, among those with higher intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, HbA1c differ not differ by exposure (−0.09%; 95% CI: −0.45, 0.30). No evidence of interaction was observed for other nutrients. Diets high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may ameliorate secondhand smoke-induced increases in HbA1c.

Suggested Citation

  • Brianna F. Moore & Lesley M. Butler & Annette M. Bachand & Agus Salim & Stephen J. Reynolds & Renwei Wang & Tracy L. Nelson & Jennifer L. Peel & Sharon E. Murphy & Woon-Puay Koh & Jian-Min Yuan & Magg, 2019. "Diet, Secondhand Smoke, and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels among Singapore Chinese Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:5148-:d:298683
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sarah Rajkumar & Amanda M. Fretts & Barbara V. Howard & Fawn Yeh & Maggie L. Clark, 2017. "The Relationship between Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease and the Potential Modifying Effect of Diet in a Prospective Cohort among American Indians: The Strong Heart Stu," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-11, May.
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