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Effect of a School-Based Anxiety Prevention Program among Primary School Children

Author

Listed:
  • Siti Fatimah Ab Ghaffar

    (Faculty of Hospitality, Tourism and Wellness, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, Locked Bag 36, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor 43300, Malaysia)

  • Sherina Mohd Sidik

    (Department of Psychiartry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor 43400, Malaysia
    Cancer Resource & Education Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor 43400, Malaysia)

  • Normala Ibrahim

    (Department of Psychiartry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor 43400, Malaysia)

  • Hamidin Awang

    (Department of Psychiartry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor 43400, Malaysia)

  • Lekhraj Rampal Gyanchand Rampal

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor 43300, Malaysia)

Abstract

Anxiety is one of the most common mental health disorders in childhood, and children with anxiety have an increased risk of psychiatric disorders during adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based anxiety prevention program for reducing anxiety among primary school students relative to a school-as-usual control group. Secondary to this, the current study aimed to examine the effect of a school-based prevention program on worry coping skills and self-esteem. A two-group parallel cluster randomized controlled trial of a single-blinded study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the program, with schools as the unit of allocation and individual participants as the unit of analysis. The intervention program was conducted between May 2016 and December 2017. The primary outcome was anxiety, whereas the secondary outcomes were worry coping skills and self-esteem measured at three months post-intervention. Data were analyzed by using a generalized linear mixed model, accounting for the clustering effect. Subgroup analyses were performed for children with anxiety. A total of 461 students participated in this study. At baseline, there was no significant difference between groups for anxiety score, worry coping skills score, and self-esteem score ( p > 0.05). The intervention was effective in reducing anxiety for the whole sample ( p = 0.001) and the anxiety subgroup ( p = 0.001). However, it was not effective in improving worry coping skills and self-esteem. These findings suggest that the program could be effective for reducing symptoms of anxiety when delivered in schools and provide some support for delivering this type of program in primary school settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Siti Fatimah Ab Ghaffar & Sherina Mohd Sidik & Normala Ibrahim & Hamidin Awang & Lekhraj Rampal Gyanchand Rampal, 2019. "Effect of a School-Based Anxiety Prevention Program among Primary School Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:4913-:d:294363
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    Cited by:

    1. Rahmat Dapari & Mohd Safrin Mohamad Bashaabidin & Mohd Rohaizat Hassan & Nazri Che Dom & Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim & Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin, 2022. "Health Education Module Based on Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills (IMB) for Reducing Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Adolescents in Boarding Schools: A Clustered Randomised Controlled T," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-15, November.

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