IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i21p4232-d282257.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Mediating Effect of Cognitive Social Capital on the Relationship Between Physical Disability and Depression in Elderly People of Rural Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Azam Tariq

    (Department of Sociology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Tian Beihai

    (Department of Sociology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Sajjad Ali

    (College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Nadeem Abbas

    (Institute of Social & Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Aasir Ilyas

    (College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

Abstract

Cognitive social capital is crucial for mental wellbeing and physical disability in order to avoid late-life depression. The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of cognitive social capital (interpersonal trust and reciprocity) on the relationship between physical disability and depression in elderly people of rural Pakistan. For this purpose, 146 respondents aged 60 years or above and residents of rural areas of district Muzaffargarh (Punjab, Pakistan) were approached for data collection. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic variables (gender, age, education, marital status, family system, living status, household income, and number of chronic diseases); the geriatric depressive symptoms scale (GDS-15) was used to measure depression, physical disability was evaluated through ADL and IADL scales, and cognitive social capital, which includes interpersonal trust and reciprocity, was measured using single-item questions. It was found that interpersonal trust, reciprocity, depression, and physical disability were significantly correlated with each other and physical disability was directly associated with depression. In mediation analysis, reciprocity mediated the relationship between physical disability and depression. Our findings highlight the need to enhance cognitive social capital interventions and develop policies to promote mental and physical health of rural elderly.

Suggested Citation

  • Azam Tariq & Tian Beihai & Sajjad Ali & Nadeem Abbas & Aasir Ilyas, 2019. "Mediating Effect of Cognitive Social Capital on the Relationship Between Physical Disability and Depression in Elderly People of Rural Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4232-:d:282257
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/21/4232/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/21/4232/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ursula S. Goth & Erik Småland, 2014. "The Role of Civic Engagement for Men’s Health and Well Being in Norway—A Contribution to Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Giuseppe Liotta & Maria Chiara Inzerilli & Leonardo Palombi & Olga Madaro & Stefano Orlando & Paola Scarcella & Daniela Betti & Maria Cristina Marazzi, 2018. "Social Interventions to Prevent Heat-Related Mortality in the Older Adult in Rome, Italy: A Quasi-Experimental Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Verbrugge, Lois M. & Jette, Alan M., 1994. "The disablement process," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Verbrugge, L.M. & Patrick, D.L., 1995. "Seven chronic conditions: Their impact on US adults' activity levels and use of medical services," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 85(2), pages 173-182.
    5. Agampodi, Thilini Chanchala & Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika & Glozier, Nicholas & Siribaddana, Sisira, 2015. "Measurement of social capital in relation to health in low and middle income countries (LMIC): A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 95-104.
    6. Thompson, W.W. & Zack, M.M. & Krahn, G.L. & Andresen, E.M. & Barile, J.P., 2012. "Health-related quality of life among older adults with and without functional limitations," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(3), pages 496-502.
    7. Haruhiko Imamura & Tsuyoshi Hamano & Takehiro Michikawa & Fujimi Takeda-Imai & Takahiro Nakamura & Toru Takebayashi & Yuji Nishiwaki, 2016. "Relationships of Community and Individual Level Social Capital with Activities of Daily Living and Death by Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-12, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Azam Tariq & Tian Beihai & Nadeem Abbas & Sajjad Ali & Wang Yao & Muhammad Imran, 2020. "Role of Perceived Social Support on the Association between Physical Disability and Symptoms of Depression in Senior Citizens of Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Patricia Bonilla-Sierra & Ana-Magdalena Vargas-Martínez & Viviana Davalos-Batallas & Fatima Leon-Larios & Maria-de-las-Mercedes Lomas-Campos, 2020. "Chronic Diseases and Associated Factors among Older Adults in Loja, Ecuador," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-15, June.
    3. Hwa-Young Lee & So Young Kim & Kyoung Eun Yeob & Yeon Yong Kim & Jong-Hyock Park, 2023. "Nationwide trends in the prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders and their correlates among adults with disabilities in Korea from 2006 to 2017," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(7), pages 1670-1681, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jingyue Zhang & Nan Lu, 2019. "What Matters Most for Community Social Capital among Older Adults Living in Urban China: The Role of Health and Family Social Capital," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Azam Tariq & Tian Beihai & Nadeem Abbas & Sajjad Ali & Wang Yao & Muhammad Imran, 2020. "Role of Perceived Social Support on the Association between Physical Disability and Symptoms of Depression in Senior Citizens of Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Zhongliang Bai & Zijing Wang & Tiantai Shao & Xia Qin & Zhi Hu, 2020. "Relationship between Individual Social Capital and Functional Ability among Older People in Anhui Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-13, April.
    4. van Zon, Sander K.R. & Bültmann, Ute & Reijneveld, Sijmen A. & de Leon, Carlos F. Mendes, 2016. "Functional health decline before and after retirement: A longitudinal analysis of the Health and Retirement Study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 26-34.
    5. Badley, Elizabeth M., 2008. "Enhancing the conceptual clarity of the activity and participation components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(11), pages 2335-2345, June.
    6. Newton, Nicky J. & Ryan, Lindsay H. & King, Rachel T. & Smith, Jacqui, 2014. "Cohort differences in the marriage–health relationship for midlife women," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 64-72.
    7. Plaisier, Inger & Verbeek-Oudijk, Debbie & de Klerk, Mirjam, 2017. "Developments in home-care use. Policy and changing community-based care use by independent community-dwelling adults in the Netherlands," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 121(1), pages 82-89.
    8. Evelyn Forget & Raisa Deber & Leslie Roos & Randy Walld, 2005. "Canadian Health Reform: A Gender Analysis," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 123-141.
    9. Lee, Christopher Thomas & Guzman, David & Ponath, Claudia & Tieu, Lina & Riley, Elise & Kushel, Margot, 2016. "Residential patterns in older homeless adults: Results of a cluster analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 131-140.
    10. Ma Yuan & Cao Yue-qun & Wang Hao & Xiang Hong, 2022. "Does Social Capital Promote Health?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(2), pages 501-524, July.
    11. Levasseur, Mélanie & Richard, Lucie & Gauvin, Lise & Raymond, Émilie, 2010. "Inventory and analysis of definitions of social participation found in the aging literature: Proposed taxonomy of social activities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(12), pages 2141-2149, December.
    12. Wei Chen & Ya Fang & Fanzhen Mao & Shichao Hao & Junze Chen & Manqiong Yuan & Yaofeng Han & Y Alicia Hong, 2015. "Assessment of Disability among the Elderly in Xiamen of China: A Representative Sample Survey of 14,292 Older Adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-12, June.
    13. West, Jessica S., 2017. "Hearing impairment, social support, and depressive symptoms among U.S. adults: A test of the stress process paradigm," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 94-101.
    14. Harris Hyun-soo Kim, 2018. "Investigating the Associations between Ethnic Networks, Community Social Capital, and Physical Health among Marriage Migrants in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, January.
    15. Fariha Hasan & Shayan Marsia & Kajal Patel & Priyanka Agrawal & Junaid Abdul Razzak, 2021. "Effective Community-Based Interventions for the Prevention and Management of Heat-Related Illnesses: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-14, August.
    16. James N. Laditka & Douglas A. Wolf, 2004. "Duration Data from the National Long-Term Care Survey: Foundation for a Dynamic Multiple-Indicator Model of ADL Dependency," Center for Policy Research Working Papers 65, Center for Policy Research, Maxwell School, Syracuse University.
    17. Nan Lu & Shicun Xu & Jingyue Zhang, 2021. "Community Social Capital, Family Social Capital, and Self-Rated Health among Older Rural Chinese Adults: Empirical Evidence from Rural Northeastern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-11, May.
    18. Clarke, Philippa J. & Ailshire, Jennifer A. & Nieuwenhuijsen, Els R. & de Kleijn - de Vrankrijker, Marijke W., 2011. "Participation among adults with disability: The role of the urban environment," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(10), pages 1674-1684, May.
    19. Sibo Zhao & Yanwen Li & Yonggang Su & Long Sun, 2021. "Reliability and Validity of the Chinese General Social Capital Scale and Its Effect on Physical Disease and Psychological Distress among Chinese Medical Professionals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-13, June.
    20. Oliver Schilling & Hans-Werner Wahl & Frank Oswald, 2013. "Change in Life Satisfaction Under Chronic Physical Multi-morbidity in Advanced Old Age: Potential and Limits of Adaptation," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 19-36, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4232-:d:282257. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.