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Removal of Pollutants in Mine Wastewater by a Non-Cytotoxic Polymeric Bioflocculant from Alcaligenes faecalis HCB2

Author

Listed:
  • Tsolanku Sidney Maliehe

    (Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa)

  • Albertus Kotze Basson

    (Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa)

  • Nkosinathi Goodman Dlamini

    (Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa)

Abstract

Bioflocculation is a physicochemical technique often employed to efficiently remove colloidal water pollutants. Consequently, in this study, a bioflocculant was produced, characterised and applied to remove pollutants in mine wastewater. The maximum flocculation activity of 92% was recorded at 30 °C, pH 9.0 when maltose and urea were used as energy sources and 72 h of fermentation at the inoculum size of 1% ( v / v ). K + proved to be a favourable cation. The bioflocculant yield of 4 g/L was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a hexagonal-like structure of the bioflocculant. It is composed of carbohydrates and proteins in mass proportion of 88.6 and 9.5%, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed the presence of hydroxyl, amide and amino functional groups. More than 73% of the bioflocculant was obtained after exposure to 600 °C using the thermogravimetric analyser. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells exhibited 95% viability after being treated with 200 µg/µL of the bioflocculant. The flocculation mechanisms were proposed to be as a result of a double layer compression by K + , chemical reactions and bridging mechanism. The removal efficiencies of 59, 72, and 75% on biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and sulphur, were obtained respectively. Thus, the bioflocculant have potential use in wastewater treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Tsolanku Sidney Maliehe & Albertus Kotze Basson & Nkosinathi Goodman Dlamini, 2019. "Removal of Pollutants in Mine Wastewater by a Non-Cytotoxic Polymeric Bioflocculant from Alcaligenes faecalis HCB2," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:4001-:d:278284
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anthony Ugbenyen & Sekelwa Cosa & Leonard Mabinya & Olubukola O. Babalola & Farhad Aghdasi & Anthony Okoh, 2012. "Thermostable Bacterial Bioflocculant Produced by Cobetia Spp. Isolated from Algoa Bay (South Africa)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Nkosinathi Goodman Dlamini & Albertus Kotze Basson & Viswanadha Srirama Rajasekhar Pullabhotla, 2019. "Optimization and Application of Bioflocculant Passivated Copper Nanoparticles in the Wastewater Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-15, June.
    3. Ncedo Ntozonke & Kunle Okaiyeto & Arinze S. Okoli & Ademola O. Olaniran & Uchechukwu U. Nwodo & Anthony I. Okoh, 2017. "A Marine Bacterium, Bacillus sp. Isolated from the Sediment Samples of Algoa Bay in South Africa Produces a Polysaccharide-Bioflocculant," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-14, September.
    4. Kunle Okaiyeto & Uchechukwu U. Nwodo & Leonard V. Mabinya & Anthony I. Okoh, 2013. "Characterization of a Bioflocculant Produced by a Consortium of Halomonas sp. Okoh and Micrococcus sp. Leo," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-14, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tlou Nelson Selepe & Tsolanku Sidney Maliehe & Kgabo Moganedi & Peter Masoko & Vusimuzi Mulaudzi, 2022. "Isolation and Optimisation of Culture Conditions for a Marine Bioflocculant-Producing Bacterium and Application of Its Bioflocculant in Wastewater Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-16, August.

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