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Global Associations of Air Pollution and Conjunctivitis Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Renchao Chen

    (Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China)

  • Jun Yang

    (Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China)

  • Chunlin Zhang

    (Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China)

  • Bixia Li

    (Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China)

  • Stéphanie Bergmann

    (Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands)

  • Fangfang Zeng

    (Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China)

  • Hao Wang

    (Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China)

  • Boguang Wang

    (Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China)

Abstract

(1) Background: As the most common eye disease diagnosed in emergency departments, conjunctivitis has caused serious health and economic burdens worldwide. However, whether air pollution may be a risk factor for conjunctivitis is still inconsistent among current evidence. (2) Methods: We searched the literature on the relationship between air pollution and conjunctivitis in multiple English databases before 18 March 2019. Meta-analysis, meta-regression, and funnel plots were used to integrate the data, identify the sources of bias, and determine the publication bias, respectively. (3) Results: A total of 2450 papers were found, 12 of which were finally included. The pooled relative risk for each 10 μg/m 3 increase of air pollution on conjunctivitis was 1.0006 (95%CI: 0.9993–1.0019) for CO, 1.0287 (1.0120–1.0457) for NO 2 , 1.0089 (1.0030–1.0149) for O 3 , 1.0004 (0.9976–1.0032) for PM 2.5 , 1.0033 (0.9982–1.0083) for PM 10 , and 1.0045 (0.9908–1.0185) for SO 2 . In the subgroup, PM 2.5 and O 3 had a greater impact on conjunctivitis risk in women than in men, and people <18 years old than those ≥18 years old. Relative humidity significantly modified the risk of O 3 on conjunctivitis ( p = 0.023), explaining 45% of the between-study heterogeneity. (4) Conclusion: Globally, air pollution has considerable health risks for conjunctivitis. Females and the youth were more vulnerable to PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and O 3 . Reductions of air pollution levels are still warranted to protect the vulnerable populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Renchao Chen & Jun Yang & Chunlin Zhang & Bixia Li & Stéphanie Bergmann & Fangfang Zeng & Hao Wang & Boguang Wang, 2019. "Global Associations of Air Pollution and Conjunctivitis Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3652-:d:271832
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhuanlan Sun & Demi Zhu, 2019. "Exposure to outdoor air pollution and its human health outcomes: A scoping review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. David Rojas-Rueda & Emily Morales-Zamora & Wael Abdullah Alsufyani & Christopher H. Herbst & Salem M. AlBalawi & Reem Alsukait & Mashael Alomran, 2021. "Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-38, January.
    2. Miguel Ángel Aguilar-Jurado & Pedro Gil-Madrona & Juan Francisco Ortega-Dato & David Zamorano-García, 2019. "Effects of an Educational Glass Recycling Program against Environmental Pollution in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-16, December.

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