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The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

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  • Myong-Won Seo

    (Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea)

  • Jong Kook Song

    (Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea)

  • Hyun Chul Jung

    (Department of Kinesiology, College of Communication and Education, California State University-Chico, 400 West First Street, Chico, CA 95922, USA)

  • Sung-Woo Kim

    (Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea)

  • Jung-Hyun Kim

    (Department of Sports Medecine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea)

  • Jung-Min Lee

    (Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of vitamin D status with athletic performance and blood-borne markers in adolescent athletes. This cross-sectional study included forty-seven Taekwondo athletes, aged 15–18 years old. Athletic performance was assessed using maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ), Wingate anaerobic power test, vertical jump, agility T-test, lower limb muscle strength, and fatigue resistance. Blood samples were collected to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], free-testosterone, cortisol, creatine kinase, and urea. One-way ANOVAs were applied using Bonferroni adjusted alpha levels, which was 0.02 (i.e., 0.05/3). Multiple linear regressions analyses as well as Pearson and partial correlation analyses were used to examine the relationship among 25(OH)D concentration, athletic performance, and blood-borne markers. The participants 25(OH)D concentration were ranged from 16 to 73.25 nmol/L, indicating that 74.5% of the adolescent athletes have vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. The vitamin D status did not show any significant effects on the performance factors or blood-borne markers. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively correlated with mean power output (r = 0.359, p < 0.05) and relative mean power output (r = 0.325, p < 0.05) after adjusting for bone age, height, weight, training experience, lean body mass, and fat mass. However, 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with other performance-related factors and blood-borne markers. In addition, multiple linear regressions analyses revealed that serum 25(OH)D concentration were not significant predictors of athletic performance in adolescent athletes. In conclusion, vitamin D status is weakly correlated with anaerobic capacity; moreover, the underlying mechanisms of how vitamin D influence anaerobic performance is unclear in the present study. Nevertheless, the importance of vitamin D on health benefits should not be underestimated, especially during growth periods.

Suggested Citation

  • Myong-Won Seo & Jong Kook Song & Hyun Chul Jung & Sung-Woo Kim & Jung-Hyun Kim & Jung-Min Lee, 2019. "The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3422-:d:267315
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lin Zhang & Minghui Quan & Zhen-Bo Cao, 2019. "Effect of vitamin D supplementation on upper and lower limb muscle strength and muscle power in athletes: A meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Hyun Chul Jung & Myong-Won Seo & Sukho Lee & Sung Woo Kim & Jong Kook Song, 2018. "Vitamin D 3 Supplementation Reduces the Symptoms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection during Winter Training in Vitamin D-Insufficient Taekwondo Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-12, September.
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    1. Davide Ferrari & Giovanni Lombardi & Marta Strollo & Marina Pontillo & Andrea Motta & Massimo Locatelli, 2020. "A Possible Antioxidant Role for Vitamin D in Soccer Players: A Retrospective Analysis of Psychophysical Stress Markers in a Professional Team," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-11, May.
    2. Giulia My & Santo Marsigliante & Antonino Bianco & Daniele Zangla & Carlos Marques da Silva & Antonella Muscella, 2022. "Biological, Psychological, and Physical Performance Variations in Football Players during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Prospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Pantelis T. Nikolaidis & Beat Knechtle, 2021. "Is It Time for Sports and Health in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-3, January.

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