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Patterns of Diet, Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep Are Associated with Socio-Demographic, Behavioural, and Health-Risk Indicators in Adults

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  • Stina Oftedal

    (School of Medicine & Public Health; Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
    Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia)

  • Corneel Vandelanotte

    (Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton Queensland 4702, Australia)

  • Mitch J. Duncan

    (School of Medicine & Public Health; Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
    Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia)

Abstract

Our understanding of how multiple health-behaviours co-occur is in its infancy. This study aimed to: (1) identify patterns of physical activity, diet, sitting, and sleep; and (2) examine the association between sociodemographic and health-risk indicators. Pooled data from annual cross-sectional telephone surveys of Australian adults (2015–2017, n = 3374, 51.4% women) were used. Participants self-reported physical activity, diet, sitting-time, sleep/rest insufficiency, sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol use, height and weight to calculate body mass index (BMI), and mental distress frequency. Latent class analysis identified health-behaviour classes. Latent class regression determined the associations between health-behaviour patterns, sociodemographic, and health-risk indicators. Three latent classes were identified. Relative to a ‘moderate lifestyle’ pattern (men: 43.2%, women: 38.1%), a ‘poor lifestyle’ pattern (men: 19.9%, women: 30.5%) was associated with increased odds of a younger age, smoking, BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, frequent mental distress (men and women), non-partnered status (men only), a lower Socioeconomic Index for Areas centile, primary/secondary education only, and BMI = 25.0–29.9 kg/m 2 (women only). An ‘active poor sleeper’ pattern (men: 37.0%, women: 31.4%) was associated with increased odds of a younger age (men and women), working and frequent mental distress (women only), relative to a ‘moderate lifestyle’ pattern. Better understanding of how health-behaviour patterns influence future health status is needed. Targeted interventions jointly addressing these behaviours are a public health priority.

Suggested Citation

  • Stina Oftedal & Corneel Vandelanotte & Mitch J. Duncan, 2019. "Patterns of Diet, Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep Are Associated with Socio-Demographic, Behavioural, and Health-Risk Indicators in Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:13:p:2375-:d:245538
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ding Ding & Anna Do & Heather-Marie Schmidt & Adrian E Bauman, 2015. "A Widening Gap? Changes in Multiple Lifestyle Risk Behaviours by Socioeconomic Status in New South Wales, Australia, 2002–2012," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(8), pages 1-13, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hannah Briony Thorne & Matthew Justus Rockloff & Sally Anne Ferguson & Grace Elizabeth Vincent & Matthew Browne, 2021. "Gambling Problems Are Associated with Alcohol Misuse and Insomnia: Results from a Representative National Telephone Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-10, June.
    2. Mitch J. Duncan & Sasha Fenton & Wendy J. Brown & Clare E. Collins & Nicholas Glozier & Gregory S. Kolt & Elizabeth G. Holliday & Philip J. Morgan & Beatrice Murawski & Ronald C. Plotnikoff & Anna T. , 2020. "Efficacy of a Multi-component m-Health Weight-loss Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-21, August.
    3. Holly Blake & Alex Brewer & Niki Chouliara, 2023. "“We’re Not Going to Be as Prepared”: A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Trainees’ Experiences after One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Yi-Hsuan Lin & Hui-Chuan Hsu & Chyi-Huey Bai & Wen-Chi Wu, 2022. "Dietary Patterns among Older People and the Associations with Social Environment and Individual Factors in Taiwan: A Multilevel Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-10, March.

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