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Public Health Messages Associated with Low UV Index Values Need Reconsideration

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Lehmann

    (Department for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Waldstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany)

  • Annette B. Pfahlberg

    (Department for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Waldstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany)

  • Henner Sandmann

    (uv-tech consulting, Tönniesstr. 9, 24106 Kiel, Germany)

  • Wolfgang Uter

    (Department for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Waldstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany)

  • Olaf Gefeller

    (Department for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Waldstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany)

Abstract

Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main modifiable risk factor for skin cancer. The Global Solar Ultraviolet Index (UVI) was introduced as a tool to visualize the intensity of UV radiation on a certain day, which should enable and encourage people to take appropriate protective measures. The ‘low’ exposure category of the UVI, defined by a rounded UVI value of 0, 1 or 2, was linked to the health message ‘No protection required’ by the World Health Organization and partner organizations. However, published evidence corroborating this advice is not available. To evaluate the erythemal risk of low UVI days, we analyzed 14,431 daily time series of ambient erythemal irradiance data measured at nine stations of the German solar UV monitoring network during the years 2007–2016. We analyzed the proportion of days in the sample for which ambient erythemal doses calculated for various time intervals exceed average minimal erythemal doses (MEDs) of the Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I–VI to assess the potential for erythema arising from sun exposure on days with low UVI values. Additionally, we calculated for each day the minimum exposure duration needed to receive one MED. Our results indicate that on days with a UVI value of 0, risk of erythema is indeed negligible. Conversely, the abovementioned health message appears misleading when melano-compromised individuals (skin type I and II) spend more than 1.5 hours outdoors on days with a UVI value of 2. Under rare circumstances of prolonged exposure, MEDs of the two most sensitive skin types can also be exceeded even on days with a UVI value of 1. Hence, current WHO guidance for sun protection on days with low UVI values needs reconsideration.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Lehmann & Annette B. Pfahlberg & Henner Sandmann & Wolfgang Uter & Olaf Gefeller, 2019. "Public Health Messages Associated with Low UV Index Values Need Reconsideration," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-14, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:12:p:2067-:d:239003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Olaf Gefeller & Wolfgang Uter & Annette B. Pfahlberg, 2016. "Protection from Ultraviolet Radiation during Childhood: The Parental Perspective in Bavaria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-11, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Katharina Diehl & Tatiana Görig & Charlotte Jansen & Maike Carola Hruby & Annette B. Pfahlberg & Olaf Gefeller, 2021. "“I’ve Heard of It, Yes, but I Can’t Remember What Exactly It Was”—A Qualitative Study on Awareness, Knowledge, and Use of the UV Index," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-10, February.
    2. Katarzyna Anna Baczynska & Rebecca J. Rendell & Marina Khazova, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sun Exposure of UK Office Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-10, April.

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