IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2018i1p42-d193071.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Linking Industrial Hazards and Social Inequalities: Environmental Injustice in Gujarat, India

Author

Listed:
  • Jayajit Chakraborty

    (Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA)

  • Pratyusha Basu

    (Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA)

Abstract

Industrial development in India has rarely been studied through the perspective of environmental justice (EJ) such that the association between industrial development and significant economic and social inequalities remains to be examined. Our article addresses this gap by focusing on Gujarat in western India, a leading industrial state that exemplifies the designation of India as an “emerging economy.” We link the geographic concentration of industrial facilities classified as major accident hazard (MAH) units, further subdivided by size (large or medium/small) and ownership (public or private), to the socio-demographic composition of the population at the subdistrict (taluka) level. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) are used to analyze statistical associations between MAH unit density and explanatory variables related to the economic and social status of the residential population at the subdistrict level. Our results indicate a significant relationship between presence of socially disadvantaged populations (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) and density of all types of MAH units, except those associated with the public sector. Higher urbanization and lower home ownership are also found to be strong predictors of MAH unit density. Overall, our article represents an important step towards understanding the complexities of environmental inequalities stemming from Gujarat’s industrial economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Jayajit Chakraborty & Pratyusha Basu, 2018. "Linking Industrial Hazards and Social Inequalities: Environmental Injustice in Gujarat, India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2018:i:1:p:42-:d:193071
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/1/42/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/1/42/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aalok Ranjan Chaurasia, 2017. "Human Development in Gujarat: Evidence from 2011 Population Census," Indian Journal of Human Development, , vol. 11(3), pages 313-334, December.
    2. Deshpande, Ashwani, 2011. "The Grammar of Caste: Economic Discrimination in Contemporary India," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198072034.
    3. Naudé, Wim & Szirmai, Adam & Lavopa, Alejandro, 2013. "Industrialization Lessons from BRICS: A Comparative Analysis," IZA Discussion Papers 7543, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Timothy W. Collins & Sara E. Grineski & Jayajit Chakraborty & Marilyn C. Montgomery & Maricarmen Hernandez, 2015. "Downscaling Environmental Justice Analysis: Determinants of Household-Level Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure in Greater Houston," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 105(4), pages 684-703, July.
    5. Jayajit Chakraborty & Timothy W. Collins & Sara E. Grineski & Marilyn C. Montgomery & Maricarmen Hernandez, 2014. "Comparing Disproportionate Exposure to Acute and Chronic Pollution Risks: A Case Study in Houston, Texas," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(11), pages 2005-2020, November.
    6. P. Diggle & M. G. Kenward, 1994. "Informative Drop‐Out in Longitudinal Data Analysis," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 43(1), pages 49-73, March.
    7. Michael Ash & T. Robert Fetter, 2004. "Who Lives on the Wrong Side of the Environmental Tracks? Evidence from the EPA's Risk‐Screening Environmental Indicators Model," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 85(2), pages 441-462, June.
    8. Soumali Bose & Bindya Kohli, 2018. "Study of FDI Trends and Patterns in BRICS Economies during the Period 1990–2015," Emerging Economy Studies, International Management Institute, vol. 4(1), pages 78-101, May.
    9. Sara E. Grineski & Timothy W. Collins & Jayajit Chakraborty & Marilyn Montgomery, 2017. "Hazard Characteristics and Patterns of Environmental Injustice: Household‐Level Determinants of Environmental Risk in Miami, Florida," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(7), pages 1419-1434, July.
    10. Brett Baden & Douglas Noonan & Rama Mohana Turaga, 2007. "Scales of justice: Is there a geographic bias in environmental equity analysis?," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(2), pages 163-185.
    11. Alejandra Maldonado & Timothy W. Collins & Sara E. Grineski & Jayajit Chakraborty, 2016. "Exposure to Flood Hazards in Miami and Houston: Are Hispanic Immigrants at Greater Risk than Other Social Groups?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jayajit Chakraborty & Pratyusha Basu, 2021. "Air Quality and Environmental Injustice in India: Connecting Particulate Pollution to Social Disadvantages," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Jimena García-Burgos & Yosune Miquelajauregui & Elizabeth Vega & Anil Namdeo & Alejandro Ruíz-Olivares & Juan Manuel Mejía-Arangure & Cinthia Gabriela Resendiz-Martinez & Louise Hayes & Lindsay Bramwe, 2022. "Exploring the Spatial Distribution of Air Pollution and Its Association with Socioeconomic Status Indicators in Mexico City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Bruce C. Mitchell & Jayajit Chakraborty & Pratyusha Basu, 2021. "Social Inequities in Urban Heat and Greenspace: Analyzing Climate Justice in Delhi, India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-16, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jayajit Chakraborty & Timothy W. Collins & Sara E. Grineski & Alejandra Maldonado, 2017. "Racial Differences in Perceptions of Air Pollution Health Risk: Does Environmental Exposure Matter?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Michel G. Loustaunau & Jayajit Chakraborty, 2019. "Vehicular Air Pollution in Houston, Texas: An Intra-Categorical Analysis of Environmental Injustice," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-16, August.
    3. Banzhaf, H. Spencer, 2011. "The Political Economy of Environmental Justice," MPRA Paper 101191, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Cheol Hee Son & Yong Un Ban, 2022. "Flood vulnerability characteristics considering environmental justice and urban disaster prevention plan in Seoul, Korea," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(3), pages 3185-3204, December.
    5. Chakraborti, Lopamudra & Shimshack, Jay P., 2022. "Environmental disparities in urban Mexico: Evidence from toxic water pollution," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    6. Sara E. Grineski & Timothy W. Collins & Jayajit Chakraborty & Marilyn Montgomery, 2017. "Hazard Characteristics and Patterns of Environmental Injustice: Household‐Level Determinants of Environmental Risk in Miami, Florida," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(7), pages 1419-1434, July.
    7. Chakraborty, Jayajit & Grineski, Sara E. & Collins, Timothy W., 2019. "Hurricane Harvey and people with disabilities: Disproportionate exposure to flooding in Houston, Texas," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 176-181.
    8. Tang, Chuan & Czajkowski, Jeffrey & Heintzelman, Martin D. & Li, Minghao & Montgomery, Marilyn, 2020. "Rail accidents and property values in the era of unconventional energy production," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    9. Diane Sicotte, 2014. "Diversity and Intersectionality among Environmentally Burdened Communities in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area, USA," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(9), pages 1850-1870, July.
    10. David M. Murray & Jonathan L. Blitstein, 2003. "Methods To Reduce The Impact Of Intraclass Correlation In Group-Randomized Trials," Evaluation Review, , vol. 27(1), pages 79-103, February.
    11. Efobi, Uchenna & Asongu, Simplice & Okafor, Chinelo & Tchamyou, Vanessa & Tanankem, Belmondo, 2016. "Diaspora Remittance Inflow, Financial Development and the Industrialisation of Africa," MPRA Paper 76121, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2019. "Governance, capital flight and industrialisation in Africa," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 8(1), pages 1-22, December.
    13. Ashwini Deshpande & Rajesh Ramachandran, 2013. "How Backward are the Other Backward Classes? Changing Contours of Caste Disadvantage in India," Working Papers id:5422, eSocialSciences.
    14. Patrick E. B. FitzGerald, 2002. "Extended Generalized Estimating Equations for Binary Familial Data with Incomplete Families," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 58(4), pages 718-726, December.
    15. Yatish Kumar & Priya Bhakat, 2022. "Social Capital in Old-Age and the Role of the Social Marginalisation," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 163(1), pages 371-388, August.
    16. Ritwik Banerjee & Nabanita Datta Gupta, 2015. "Awareness Programs and Change in Taste-Based Caste Prejudice," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
    17. Smriti Rao & Smita Ramnarain, 2023. "Gender, Social Protection, and Crises of Social Reproduction: Contextualizing NREGA," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 55(1), pages 70-92, March.
    18. Chhavi Tiwari & Srinivas Goli & Anu Rammohan, 2022. "Reproductive Burden and Its Impact on Female Labor Market Outcomes in India: Evidence from Longitudinal Analyses," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(6), pages 2493-2529, December.
    19. Pourahmadi, Mohsen & Daniels, Michael J. & Park, Trevor, 2007. "Simultaneous modelling of the Cholesky decomposition of several covariance matrices," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 98(3), pages 568-587, March.
    20. Deshpande, Ashwini & Desrochers, Alain & Ksoll, Christopher & Shonchoy, Abu S., 2017. "The Impact of a Computer-based Adult Literacy Program on Literacy and Numeracy: Evidence from India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 451-473.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2018:i:1:p:42-:d:193071. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.