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Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Author

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  • Simone M. Costa

    (Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-089, Brazil)

  • Carolina C. Martins

    (Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil)

  • Mânia Q. C. Pinto

    (Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-089, Brazil)

  • Mara Vasconcelos

    (Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil)

  • Mauro H. N. G. Abreu

    (Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil)

Abstract

This study is aimed to perform an update of a systematic review and meta-regression to evaluate the effect modification of the socioeconomic indicators on caries in adults. We included studies that associated social determinants with caries, with no restriction of year and language. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias. With regard to the meta-analysis, statistical heterogeneity was evaluated by I 2 , and the random effect model was used when it was high. A subgroup analysis was conducted for socioeconomic indicators, and a meta-regression was performed. Publication bias was assessed through Egger’s test. Sixty-one studies were included in the systematic review and 25 were included in the meta-analysis. All of the studies were published between 1975 and 2016. The most frequent socioeconomic indicators were schooling, income, and socioeconomic status (SES). In the quantitative analysis, the DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) variation was attributed to the studies’ heterogeneity. The increase of 10.35 units in the proportion of people with lower SES was associated with an increase of one unit in DMFT, p = 0.050. The findings provide evidence that populations with the highest proportions of people with low SES are associated with a greater severity of caries. The results suggest the need for actions to reduce the inequalities in oral health (PROSPERO [CRD42017074434]).

Suggested Citation

  • Simone M. Costa & Carolina C. Martins & Mânia Q. C. Pinto & Mara Vasconcelos & Mauro H. N. G. Abreu, 2018. "Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:8:p:1775-:d:164362
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Simone M. Costa & Mara Vasconcelos & Mauro H. N. G. Abreu, 2013. "High Dental Caries among Adults Aged 35 to 44 Years: Case-Control Study of Distal and Proximal Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-11, June.
    2. Segura Marcenes, Wagner & Sheiham, Aubrey, 1992. "The relationship between work stress and oral health status," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 1511-1520, December.
    3. Celeste, Roger Keller & Nadanovsky, Paulo & Ponce de Leon, Antonio & Fritzell, Johan, 2009. "The individual and contextual pathways between oral health and income inequality in Brazilian adolescents and adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 1468-1475, November.
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    3. Eduardo Guerreiro & João Botelho & Vanessa Machado & Luís Proença & José João Mendes & Ana Cristina Manso, 2023. "Caries Experience and Risk Indicators in a Portuguese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-12, January.
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