IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v15y2018i7p1416-d156352.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessment of Microbiological Safety of Water in Public Swimming Pools in Guangzhou, China

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaohong Wei

    (Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
    School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510030, China
    These authors contributed equally to this article.)

  • Juntao Li

    (Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
    These authors contributed equally to this article.)

  • Shuiping Hou

    (Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China)

  • Conghui Xu

    (Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China)

  • Hao Zhang

    (Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China)

  • Edward Robert Atwill

    (Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis, California, CA 95616, USA
    Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, University of California Davis, California, CA 95616, USA)

  • Xunde Li

    (Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis, California, CA 95616, USA
    Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, University of California Davis, California, CA 95616, USA)

  • Zhicong Yang

    (Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China)

  • Shouyi Chen

    (Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China)

Abstract

This study assessed microbiological safety of water from public swimming pools in Guangzhou, China. Water samples from 39 outdoor municipal swimming pools were collected from late June to early September, 2013 and subjected to detection of protozoa ( Giardia and Cryptosporidium ) and bacteria ( Pseudomonas aeruginos , total coliforms, E. coli , E. coli O157, Shigella , and Salmonella ). Cryptosporidium and Giardia were both detected in 5 (12.8%) swimming pools. Total coliforms were detected in 4 (10.3%) samples with concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 154.0 MPN/100 mL while E. coli was detected in 4 (10.3%) samples with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.3 MPN/100 mL. P. aeruginosa was detected in 27 (69.2%) samples but E. coli O157, Shigella and Salmonella were not detected. Among these swimming pools, 9 (23%) met the Chinese National Standard of residual chlorine levels and 24 (62%) were tested free of residual chlorine at least once. The multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis showed that all P. aeruginosa isolates belonged to new sequence types (STs) with dominant ST-1764 and ST-D distributed in different locations within the area. Some P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to medically important antibiotics. Results indicate potential public health risks due to the presence of microbiological pathogens in public swimming pools in this area.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaohong Wei & Juntao Li & Shuiping Hou & Conghui Xu & Hao Zhang & Edward Robert Atwill & Xunde Li & Zhicong Yang & Shouyi Chen, 2018. "Assessment of Microbiological Safety of Water in Public Swimming Pools in Guangzhou, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:7:p:1416-:d:156352
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/7/1416/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/7/1416/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:7:p:1416-:d:156352. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.