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The Relationship between Household Sanitation and Women’s Experience of Menstrual Hygiene: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Author

Listed:
  • Julie Hennegan

    (The Water Institute, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Linnea Zimmerman

    (Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Alexandra K. Shannon

    (Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Natalie G. Exum

    (The Water Institute, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Funmilola OlaOlorun

    (Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Queen Elizabeth Road, University College Hospital, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria)

  • Elizabeth Omoluabi

    (Center for Research Evaluation Resources and Development, 17 Ajanaku Estate, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria
    Department of Statistics, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa)

  • Kellogg J. Schwab

    (The Water Institute, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Listed at the end of the report.)

Abstract

Global efforts to improve sanitation have emphasized the needs of women and girls. Managing menstruation is one such need, yet there is scarce research capturing current practices. This study investigated the relationships between household sanitation and women’s experience of menstrual management. Secondary analyses were undertaken on data from 1994 women and girls collected through the Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 survey in Kaduna, Nigeria. In multivariable models, women had higher odds of using the main household sanitation facility for menstrual management when they had access to a basic (OR = 1.76 95%CI 1.26–2.46) or limited (OR = 1.63 95%CI 1.08–2.48) sanitation facility, compared to an unimproved facility. Women with no household sanitation facility had higher odds of using their sleeping area (OR = 3.56 95%CI 2.50–5.06) or having no facility for menstrual management (OR = 9.86 95%CI 5.76–16.87) than women with an unimproved sanitation facility. Menstrual management locations were associated with ratings of their characteristics. Safely managed or basic sanitation facilities were not rated more favorably than unimproved facilities in privacy (OR = 1.02 95%CI 0.70–1.48), safety (OR = 1.45 95%CI 0.98–2.15), access to a lock (OR = 0.93 95%CI 0.62–1.37), or soap and water (OR = 1.04 95%CI 0.70–1.56). Women using their sleeping area had more favorable perceptions of their environment. Findings suggest household sanitation influences women’s choices for menstrual management, but that existing indicators for improvement are not sensitive to menstrual needs.

Suggested Citation

  • Julie Hennegan & Linnea Zimmerman & Alexandra K. Shannon & Natalie G. Exum & Funmilola OlaOlorun & Elizabeth Omoluabi & Kellogg J. Schwab, 2018. "The Relationship between Household Sanitation and Women’s Experience of Menstrual Hygiene: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Kaduna State, Nigeria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:5:p:905-:d:144388
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. B. Suresh Reddy & M. Snehalatha, 2011. "Sanitation and Personal Hygiene," Indian Journal of Gender Studies, Centre for Women's Development Studies, vol. 18(3), pages 381-404, October.
    2. Sahoo, Krushna Chandra & Hulland, Kristyna R.S. & Caruso, Bethany A. & Swain, Rojalin & Freeman, Matthew C. & Panigrahi, Pinaki & Dreibelbis, Robert, 2015. "Sanitation-related psychosocial stress: A grounded theory study of women across the life-course in Odisha, India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 80-89.
    3. Sommer, M. & Sahin, M., 2013. "Advancing the global agenda for menstrual hygiene management for schoolgirls," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(9), pages 1556-1559.
    4. Julie Hennegan & Paul Montgomery, 2016. "Do Menstrual Hygiene Management Interventions Improve Education and Psychosocial Outcomes for Women and Girls in Low and Middle Income Countries? A Systematic Review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, February.
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