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Electrocardiographic and Electrooculographic Responses to External Emotions and Their Transitions in Bipolar I and II Disorders

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  • Guorong Ma

    (Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
    Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Science, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Chu Wang

    (Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Yanli Jia

    (Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Jiawei Wang

    (Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Bingren Zhang

    (Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Chanchan Shen

    (Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Hongying Fan

    (Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Bing Pan

    (Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Wei Wang

    (Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
    Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Science, Hangzhou 310058, China)

Abstract

Bipolar disorder has two main types, bipolar I (BD I) and II (BD II), which present different affective states and personality characteristics, they might present different modes of emotional regulation. We hypothesized that the electrocardiogram and electrooculogram to external emotions are different in BD I and BD II. We asked 69 BD I and 54 BD II patients, and 139 healthy volunteers to undergo these tests in response to disgust, erotica, fear, happiness, neutral, and sadness, and their transitions. Their affective states were also measured. The heart rate in BD I was significantly higher under background fear after target neutral. The eyeball movement was quicker in BD I under target happiness after background disgust; in BD I under target sadness after background disgust; and in BD I under background disgust after target neutral. Some electrocardiographic and electrooculographic changes were correlated with affective states in patients. BD I and BD II had different physiological responses to external emotions and their transitions, indicating different pathophysiologies and suggesting different emotional-therapies for BD I and BD II.

Suggested Citation

  • Guorong Ma & Chu Wang & Yanli Jia & Jiawei Wang & Bingren Zhang & Chanchan Shen & Hongying Fan & Bing Pan & Wei Wang, 2018. "Electrocardiographic and Electrooculographic Responses to External Emotions and Their Transitions in Bipolar I and II Disorders," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:5:p:884-:d:143802
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    Cited by:

    1. Tie Hua Zhou & Gong Liang Hu & Ling Wang, 2019. "Psychological Disorder Identifying Method Based on Emotion Perception over Social Networks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-17, March.

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