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Burden and Risk Factors for Cold-Related Illness and Death in New York City

Author

Listed:
  • Kathryn Lane

    (Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 125 Worth Street, CN-34E, New York, NY 10013, USA)

  • Kazuhiko Ito

    (Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 125 Worth Street, CN-34E, New York, NY 10013, USA)

  • Sarah Johnson

    (Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 125 Worth Street, CN-34E, New York, NY 10013, USA)

  • Elizabeth A. Gibson

    (Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 125 Worth Street, CN-34E, New York, NY 10013, USA)

  • Andrew Tang

    (Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 125 Worth Street, CN-34E, New York, NY 10013, USA)

  • Thomas Matte

    (Vital Strategies, 61 Broadway, Suite 2800, New York, NY 10006, USA)

Abstract

Exposure to cold weather can cause cold-related illness and death, which are preventable. To understand the current burden, risk factors, and circumstances of exposure for illness and death directly attributed to cold, we examined hospital discharge, death certificate, and medical examiner data during the cold season from 2005 to 2014 in New York City (NYC), the largest city in the United States. On average each year, there were 180 treat-and-release emergency department visits (average annual rate of 21.6 per million) and 240 hospital admissions (29.6 per million) for cold-related illness, and 15 cold-related deaths (1.8 per million). Seventy-five percent of decedents were exposed outdoors. About half of those exposed outdoors were homeless or suspected to be homeless. Of the 25% of decedents exposed indoors, none had home heat and nearly all were living in single-family or row homes. The majority of deaths and illnesses occurred outside of periods of extreme cold. Unsheltered homeless individuals, people who use substances and become incapacitated outdoors, and older adults with medical and psychiatric conditions without home heat are most at risk. This information can inform public health prevention strategies and interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Kathryn Lane & Kazuhiko Ito & Sarah Johnson & Elizabeth A. Gibson & Andrew Tang & Thomas Matte, 2018. "Burden and Risk Factors for Cold-Related Illness and Death in New York City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:4:p:632-:d:138784
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gambatese, M. & Marder, D. & Begier, E. & Gutkovich, A. & Mos, R. & Griffin, A. & Zimmerman, R. & Madsen, A., 2013. "Programmatic impact of 5 years of mortality surveillance of New York City homeless populations," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(S2), pages 193-198.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paige Zhang & Kathryn Wiens & Ri Wang & Linh Luong & Donna Ansara & Stephanie Gower & Kate Bassil & Stephen W. Hwang, 2019. "Cold Weather Conditions and Risk of Hypothermia Among People Experiencing Homelessness: Implications for Prevention Strategies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-9, September.
    2. Heather Aydin-Ghormoz & Temilayo Adeyeye & Neil Muscatiello & Seema Nayak & Sanghamitra Savadatti & Tabassum Z. Insaf, 2022. "Identifying Risk Factors for Hospitalization with Behavioral Health Disorders and Concurrent Temperature-Related Illness in New York State," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-15, December.

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