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Range Expansion of Tick Disease Vectors in North America: Implications for Spread of Tick-Borne Disease

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  • Daniel E. Sonenshine

    (Laboratory for Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
    Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA)

Abstract

Ticks are the major vectors of most disease-causing agents to humans, companion animals and wildlife. Moreover, ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogenic agents than any other blood-feeding arthropod. Ticks have been expanding their geographic ranges in recent decades largely due to climate change. Furthermore, tick populations in many areas of their past and even newly established localities have increased in abundance. These dynamic changes present new and increasing severe public health threats to humans, livestock and companion animals in areas where they were previously unknown or were considered to be of minor importance. Here in this review, the geographic status of four representative tick species are discussed in relation to these public health concerns, namely, the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis , the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum , the Gulf Coast Tick, Amblyomma maculatum and the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis . Both biotic and abiotic factors that may influence future range expansion and successful colony formation in new habitats are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel E. Sonenshine, 2018. "Range Expansion of Tick Disease Vectors in North America: Implications for Spread of Tick-Borne Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-9, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:3:p:478-:d:135535
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jiří Černý & Geoffrey Lynn & Johana Hrnková & Maryna Golovchenko & Natalia Rudenko & Libor Grubhoffer, 2020. "Management Options for Ixodes ricinus -Associated Pathogens: A Review of Prevention Strategies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Samson Anjikwi Malgwi & Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin & Abolade David Oladepo & Matthew Adekunle Adeleke & Moses Okpeku, 2023. "A Forty-Year Analysis of the Literature on Babesia Infection (1982–2022): A Systematic Bibliometric Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(12), pages 1-19, June.
    3. Wen-Bin Guo & Wen-Qiang Shi & Qian Wang & Yu-Sheng Pan & Qiao-Cheng Chang & Bao-Gui Jiang & Jing-Xia Cheng & Xiao-Ming Cui & Yu-Hao Zhou & Jia-Te Wei & Yi Sun & Jia-Fu Jiang & Na Jia & Wu-Chun Cao, 2021. "Distribution of Dermacentor silvarum and Associated Pathogens: Meta-Analysis of Global Published Data and a Field Survey in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-10, April.

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