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Monitoring Heavy Metal Contents with Sphagnum Junghuhnianum Moss Bags in Relation to Traffic Volume in Wuxi, China

Author

Listed:
  • Rong Hu

    (Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
    Co-first authors to this study.)

  • Yun Yan

    (Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
    Co-first authors to this study.)

  • Xiaoli Zhou

    (Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Yanan Wang

    (Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Yanming Fang

    (Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

Abstract

Despite its small size, a moss bag can reveal the different temporal and spatial deposition patterns of pollutants at a particular site; therefore, researchers can use moss bags to determine pollution sources and to put forward strategies for pollution control. Although the use of moss bags to monitor atmospheric pollution has been widely reported in Europe, there are few such empirical studies in China. Thus, in this study, bags containing the moss Sphagnum junghuhnianum were used to assess the concentrations of heavy metals (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)) at five sampling sites (four roads and a forest park) during the summer and winter of 2012. According to the relative accumulation factor (RAF) and contamination factor (CF) results, pollution in winter was heavier than that in summer, and Cr was found to be the most contaminating, having the highest mean CF. There was a significant positive correlation ( p < 0.05) between traffic volume and concentration for three heavy metals (Cr, Cu, and V) in winter, whereas a significant positive correlation ( p < 0.05) was observed between traffic volume and concentrations for four heavy metal elements (Cr, Pb, V, and Zn) in summer, indicating a close relationship between heavy metal contents and traffic volume. Although there was substantial variation in the concentrations of the five heavy metals in the moss bags, significant correlations between heavy metals suggested that the contaminants originated from a common source, namely vehicle emissions. The results demonstrated that the four roads were subject to different degrees of pollution depending on the volume of traffic using each road. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that traffic volume is a major reason for heavy metal pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Rong Hu & Yun Yan & Xiaoli Zhou & Yanan Wang & Yanming Fang, 2018. "Monitoring Heavy Metal Contents with Sphagnum Junghuhnianum Moss Bags in Relation to Traffic Volume in Wuxi, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:2:p:374-:d:132735
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiaoli Zhou & Qin Chen & Chang Liu & Yanming Fang, 2017. "Using Moss to Assess Airborne Heavy Metal Pollution in Taizhou, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-13, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paweł Świsłowski & Arkadiusz Nowak & Stanisław Wacławek & Zbigniew Ziembik & Małgorzata Rajfur, 2022. "Is Active Moss Biomonitoring Comparable to Air Filter Standard Sampling?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Sharifah Nur Amalina Syed Salleh & Azlan Abas, 2023. "Monitoring Heavy Metal Concentrations Using Transplanted Lichen in a Tourism City of Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-12, March.

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