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Contamination and Risk Assessment of Estrogens in Livestock Manure: A Case Study in Jiangsu Province, China

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  • Pengcheng Xu

    (Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

  • Xian Zhou

    (Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

  • Defu Xu

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Yanbing Xiang

    (Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

  • Wanting Ling

    (Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

  • Mindong Chen

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

Abstract

This study investigated the occurrence and contamination risk of estrogens in livestock manure in Jiangsu Province, China. Four estrogens—estriol (E3), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), bisphenol A (BPA), and 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE2)—were detected in livestock manure from hens, ducks, swine, and cows. The respective mean concentrations of each estrogen found in these manures were 289.8, 334.1, 330.3, and 33.7 μg/kg for E3; 38.6, 10.9, 52.9, and 38.8 μg/kg for 17β-E2; 63.6, 48.7, 51.9, and 11.7 μg/kg for BPA; and 14.3, 11.3, 25.1, and 21.8 μg/kg for EE2. Estrogens were most frequently detected at high concentrations in the manure of finishing pigs, followed by the manure of growing pigs and piglets. Estrogens can be partially degraded after banking up for seven days; yet, great quantities of estrogens remain in livestock manure. The total estradiol equivalent quantity (EEQ t ) estimated to be present in aquatic environments but originating from livestock waste was 10.5 ng/L, which was greater than the hazard baseline value (1 ng/L) and also higher than the proposed lowest observable effect concentration (10 ng/L) of E2 in aquatic environments. The results of our study demonstrate that livestock waste is an important source of estrogens, which may potentially affect the hormonal metabolism of aquatic organisms.

Suggested Citation

  • Pengcheng Xu & Xian Zhou & Defu Xu & Yanbing Xiang & Wanting Ling & Mindong Chen, 2018. "Contamination and Risk Assessment of Estrogens in Livestock Manure: A Case Study in Jiangsu Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:1:p:125-:d:126716
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Minxia Sun & Defu Xu & Yuefei Ji & Juan Liu & Wanting Ling & Shunyao Li & Mindong Chen, 2016. "Using Fenton Oxidation to Simultaneously Remove Different Estrogens from Cow Manure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jinbi Yang & Hao Ding, 2018. "A Quantitative Assessment of Sustainable Development Based on Relative Resource Carrying Capacity in Jiangsu Province of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Yujie Pan & Hongxia Peng & Shuyun Xie & Min Zeng & Changsheng Huang, 2019. "Eight Elements in Soils from a Typical Light Industrial City, China: Spatial Distribution, Ecological Assessment, and the Source Apportionment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-17, July.

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