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Summary Outcomes of the ODIN Project on Food Fortification for Vitamin D Deficiency Prevention

Author

Listed:
  • Mairead Kiely

    (Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12ND89 Cork, Ireland)

  • Kevin D. Cashman

    (Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12ND89 Cork, Ireland)

Abstract

Food-based solutions for optimal vitamin D nutrition and health through the life cycle (ODIN) was a cross-disciplinary, collaborative project, including 30 partners from 19 countries, which aimed to develop evidence-based solutions to prevent low vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 30 nmol/L) using a food-first approach. This paper provides a summary overview of some of the important ODIN outcomes and outlines some outstanding data requirements. In a study of almost 56,000 individuals, the first internationally standardised dataset of vitamin D status showed that 13% of EU residents overall, across a latitude gradient of 35° N to 69° N, had serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L and 40% were < 50 nmol/L. The risk of low vitamin D status was several-fold higher among persons of ethnic minority. However, additional data from quality bio-banked sera would be required to improve these estimates. To address the question of dietary requirements for vitamin D among under-researched life-stage and population groups, four dose-response RCTs conducted in Northern Europe showed that vitamin D 3 intakes of 8 and 13 μg/day prevented 25(OH)D decreasing below 30 nmol/L in white children and adolescents and 20 and 30 μg/day, respectively, achieved ≥50 nmol/L. Among white women during pregnancy, 30 μg/day is required to prevent umbilical cord 25(OH)D, representing new-born vitamin D status, below 25 nmol/L. While 8 μg/day protected white women in Finland at the 30 nmol/L cut-off, 18 μg/day was needed by women of East African descent to prevent 25(OH)D decreasing below 30 nmol/L during wintertime. Replicate RCTs are needed in young children <5 years and in school-age children, teens and pregnant women of ethnic minority. Using a series of food production studies, food-based RCTs and dietary modelling experiments, ODIN research shows that diverse fortification strategies could safely increase population intakes and prevent low vitamin D status. Building on this solid technological platform, implementation research is now warranted to scale up interventions in real-world settings to eradicate vitamin D deficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Mairead Kiely & Kevin D. Cashman, 2018. "Summary Outcomes of the ODIN Project on Food Fortification for Vitamin D Deficiency Prevention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:11:p:2342-:d:177820
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mikołaj Kamiński & Magdalena Molenda & Agnieszka Banaś & Aleksandra Uruska & Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz, 2020. "Determinants of Vitamin D Supplementation among Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-11, January.
    2. Syed Hassan Raza & Umer Zaman & Paulo Ferreira & Pablo Farías, 2021. "An Experimental Evidence on Public Acceptance of Genetically Modified Food through Advertisement Framing on Health and Environmental Benefits, Objective Knowledge, and Risk Reduction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-24, May.
    3. David Scott & Peter R. Ebeling, 2019. "Vitamin D and Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-3, March.

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