Modulatory Effect of Methanol Extract of Piper guineense in CCl 4 -Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats

This study seeks to investigate the possible protective role of the methanol extract of Piper guineense seeds against CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity in an animal model. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering oral doses of CCl 4 (1.2 g/kg bw) three times a week for three weeks. Group 1 (Control) and Group 2 (CCl 4 ) were left untreated; Piper guineense (PG; 400 mg/kg bw) was administered to Group 3 (T 1 ) by oral gavage for 14 days prior to the administration of CCl 4 and simultaneously with CCl 4 ; PG (400 mg/kg bw) was administered simultaneously with CCl 4 in Group 4 (T 2 ); and Livolin forte (20 mg/kg bw) was administered simultaneously with CCl 4 in Group 5 (T 3 ), the standard drug group. The administration of CCl 4 induces histopathological alteration in the liver, with concomitant increased activities of serum hepatic marker enzymes associated with increased levels of lipid peroxidation. Similarly, there was decrease in non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione) and enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione S-transferase), superoxide dismutase, and catalase. An elevation in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels was noticed along with decreased levels of serum total protein. Treatment with PG 400 mg/kg bw exhibited excellent modulatory activity with respect to the different parameters studied by reversing all the above-mentioned biochemical changes significantly in the experimental animals. These results suggest that PG offered protection comparable to that of Livolin forte with better efficacy when pre-treated with 400 mg/kg bw 14 days prior to CCl 4 -exposure.