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Phylogenetic Analysis and Antimicrobial Profiles of Cultured Emerging Opportunistic Pathogens (Phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria) Identified in Hot Springs

Author

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  • Jocelyn Leonie Jardine

    (Department of Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2094 Johannesburg, South Africa)

  • Akebe Luther King Abia

    (AMBIO Environmental Management, Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Blvd, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa)

  • Vuyo Mavumengwana

    (Department of Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2094 Johannesburg, South Africa)

  • Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa

    (Department of Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2094 Johannesburg, South Africa
    Water Research Commission, Private Bag X03 Gezina, Pretoria 0031, South Africa)

Abstract

Hot spring water may harbour emerging waterborne opportunistic pathogens that can cause infections in humans. We have investigated the diversity and antimicrobial resistance of culturable emerging and opportunistic bacterial pathogens, in water and sediment of hot springs located in Limpopo, South Africa. Aerobic bacteria were cultured and identified using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene sequencing. The presence of Legionella spp. was investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Isolates were tested for resistance to ten antibiotics representing six different classes: β-lactam (carbenicillin), aminoglycosides (gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin), tetracycline, amphenicols (chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone), sulphonamides (co-trimoxazole) and quinolones (nalidixic acid, norfloxacin). Gram-positive Kocuria sp. and Arthrobacter sp. and gram-negative Cupriavidus sp., Ralstonia sp., Cronobacter sp., Tepidimonas sp., Hafnia sp. and Sphingomonas sp. were isolated, all recognised as emerging food-borne pathogens. Legionella spp. was not detected throughout the study. Isolates of Kocuria , Arthrobacter and Hafnia and an unknown species of the class Gammaproteobacteria were resistant to two antibiotics in different combinations of carbenicillin, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol. Cronobacter sp. was sensitive to all ten antibiotics. This study suggests that hot springs are potential reservoirs for emerging opportunistic pathogens, including multiple antibiotic resistant strains, and highlights the presence of unknown populations of emerging and potential waterborne opportunistic pathogens in the environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Jocelyn Leonie Jardine & Akebe Luther King Abia & Vuyo Mavumengwana & Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa, 2017. "Phylogenetic Analysis and Antimicrobial Profiles of Cultured Emerging Opportunistic Pathogens (Phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria) Identified in Hot Springs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:9:p:1070-:d:112092
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Berglind Osk Th. Thorolfsdottir & Viggo Thor Marteinsson, 2013. "Microbiological Analysis in Three Diverse Natural Geothermal Bathing Pools in Iceland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-15, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mihaela Ileana Ionescu & Dan Ștefan Neagoe & Alexandra Marioara Crăciun & Oana Teodora Moldovan, 2022. "The Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Caves— Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Hafnia alvei and a Review of Their Involvement in Human Infections," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-21, February.

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