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Urinary Levels of 4-Nonylphenol and 4-t-Octylphenol in a Representative Sample of the Korean Adult Population

Author

Listed:
  • Hyejin Park

    (Department of International Medical Management, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea)

  • Kisok Kim

    (College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea)

Abstract

4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP) are xenoestrogen compounds to which humans are exposed via contaminated food, water, and air. This study assessed the body burden of 4-NP and 4-t-OP in Koreans aged 18–69 years using data from the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey conducted in 2009. Based on data from 1865 representative Koreans, 83.2% and 91.8% had urinary 4-NP and 4-t-OP concentrations >0.05 ng/mL (limit of detection). Of the Korean adult population, the geometric mean urinary concentrations of 4-NP and 4-t-OP were 3.70 ng/mL (95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.20–4.27) and 0.60 ng/mL (95% CI = 0.55–0.66), respectively. Urine 4-NP concentrations were significantly associated with place of residence and smoking status, whereas urine 4-t-OP concentrations were not correlated with any of the demographic factors. These findings suggest that most Koreans have detectable levels of 4-NP and 4-t-OP in their urine and that the body burden of 4-NP, but not 4-t-OP, varies according to some demographic factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyejin Park & Kisok Kim, 2017. "Urinary Levels of 4-Nonylphenol and 4-t-Octylphenol in a Representative Sample of the Korean Adult Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-9, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:8:p:932-:d:108862
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Cosano & Dolores Esquivel & Francisco J. Romero-Salguero & César Jiménez-Sanchidrián & José Rafael Ruiz, 2022. "Efficient Removal of Nonylphenol Isomers from Water by Use of Organo-Hydrotalcites," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-11, June.

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