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Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells

Author

Listed:
  • Ke-Ying Zhang

    (Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
    These authors contributed equally to the work.)

  • Hui Xu

    (Radiological College, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
    These authors contributed equally to the work.)

  • Le Du

    (Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China)

  • Jun-Ling Xing

    (Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China)

  • Bin Zhang

    (Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University,169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China)

  • Qiang-Shan Bai

    (Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University,169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China)

  • Yu-Qiao Xu

    (Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China)

  • Yong-Chun Zhou

    (Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China)

  • Jun-Ping Zhang

    (Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China)

  • Yan Zhou

    (Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China)

  • Gui-Rong Ding

    (Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China)

Abstract

To explore the combined effects of environmental radio-frequency (RF) field and X-ray, mouse spermatocyte-derived (GC-1) cells were exposed to 1950 MHz RF field at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 3 W/kg for 24 h combined with or without X-ray irradiation at 6 Gy. After treatment, the cell proliferation level was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay and 5-Bromo-2-deoxy Uridine (BrdU) enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) Assay. The apoptosis level was detected by annexin V flow cytometry assay, transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) Assay and Caspase-3 Activity Assay. It was found that the proliferation and apoptosis level did not change in GC-1 cells after RF exposure alone. However, compared with the X-ray group, the proliferation level significantly decreased and the apoptotic rate significantly increased in the RF+X-ray group. Moreover, a significant decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression and increase in Bax protein expression were observed. The findings suggested that RF exposure at SAR of 3 W/kg did not affect apoptosis and proliferation in GC-1 cells by itself, but that it did enhance the effects of X-ray induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis, in which B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) might be involved.

Suggested Citation

  • Ke-Ying Zhang & Hui Xu & Le Du & Jun-Ling Xing & Bin Zhang & Qiang-Shan Bai & Yu-Qiao Xu & Yong-Chun Zhou & Jun-Ping Zhang & Yan Zhou & Gui-Rong Ding, 2017. "Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-10, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:6:p:616-:d:100728
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