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Lithium in the Natural Waters of the South East of Ireland

Author

Listed:
  • Laurence Kavanagh

    (EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, IT Carlow, Kilkenny road, Co., Carlow R93V960, Ireland)

  • Jerome Keohane

    (EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, IT Carlow, Kilkenny road, Co., Carlow R93V960, Ireland)

  • John Cleary

    (EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, IT Carlow, Kilkenny road, Co., Carlow R93V960, Ireland)

  • Guiomar Garcia Cabellos

    (EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, IT Carlow, Kilkenny road, Co., Carlow R93V960, Ireland)

  • Andrew Lloyd

    (EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, IT Carlow, Kilkenny road, Co., Carlow R93V960, Ireland)

Abstract

The South East of Ireland (County Carlow) contains a deposit of the valuable lithium-bearing mineral spodumene (LiAl(SiO 3 ) 2 ). This resource has recently attracted interest and abstractive mining in the area is a possibility for the future. The open cast mining of this resource could represent a potential hazard in the form of metalliferous pollution to local water. The population of County Carlow is just under 60,000. The local authority reports that approximately 75.7% of the population’s publicly supplied drinking water is abstracted from surface water and 11.6% from groundwater. In total, 12.7% of the population abstract their water from private groundwater wells. Any potential entry of extraneous metals into the area’s natural waters will have implications for people in county Carlow. It is the goal of this paper to establish background concentrations of lithium and other metals in the natural waters prior to any mining activity. Our sampling protocol totaled 115 sites along five sampling transects, sampled through 2015. From this dataset, we report a background concentration of dissolved lithium in the natural waters of County Carlow, surface water at x ¯ = 0.02, SD = 0.02 ranging from 0 to 0.091 mg/L and groundwater at x ¯ = 0.023, SD = 0.02 mg/L ranging from 0 to 0.097 mg/L.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurence Kavanagh & Jerome Keohane & John Cleary & Guiomar Garcia Cabellos & Andrew Lloyd, 2017. "Lithium in the Natural Waters of the South East of Ireland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:6:p:561-:d:99758
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Evans, R.Keith, 1978. "Lithium reserves and resources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 3(3), pages 379-385.
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    Cited by:

    1. Laurence Kavanagh & Jerome Keohane & Guiomar Garcia Cabellos & Andrew Lloyd & John Cleary, 2018. "Global Lithium Sources—Industrial Use and Future in the Electric Vehicle Industry: A Review," Resources, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-29, September.
    2. Victor Osvaldo Vega-Muratalla & César Ramírez-Márquez & Luis Fernando Lira-Barragán & José María Ponce-Ortega, 2024. "Review of Lithium as a Strategic Resource for Electric Vehicle Battery Production: Availability, Extraction, and Future Prospects," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, October.

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