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Prevalence and Social Risk Factors for Hearing Impairment in Chinese Children—A National Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Chunfeng Yun

    (Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Zhenjie Wang

    (Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Jiamin Gao

    (Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Ping He

    (Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Chao Guo

    (Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Gong Chen

    (Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Xiaoying Zheng

    (Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

Abstract

Hearing impairment may affect children’s communication skills, social development, and educational achievement. Little is known about the prevalence of hearing impairment among Chinese children. Data were taken from the 2006 second China National Survey on Disability (CNSD). Hearing impairment was defined as moderate (41–60 dB HL), severe (61–80 dB HL), profound (81–90 dB HL), or complete (>91 dB HL). Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A weighted number of 567,915 hearing impairment children were identified, yielding a prevalence of 17.49 per 10,000 people (95% CI: 16.90–18.08), with prevention or treatment options possible for 64.6% of hearing impairment children. The main causes of hearing impairment were hereditary, tympanitis, and drug intoxication. Illiteracy in one or both parents (mother: OR = 1.388, 95% CI: 1.125–1.714, p < 0.0001; father: OR = 1.537, 95% CI: 1.152–2.049, p < 0.0001 relative to no school or primary school), annual family income lower than national average (OR = 1.323, 95% CI: 1.044–1.675, p = 0.0203, relative to higher than national average), household size larger than three people (OR = 1.432, 95% CI: 1.164–1.762, p = 0.0007, relative to smaller than three people) and single-mother family (OR = 2.056, 95% CI: 1.390–3.042, p = 0.0176, relative to intact family) were the independence risk factors for hearing impairment among Chinese children. Lower annual family income, male children, larger household size, single-mother family, and lower levels of maternal and paternal education were independent risk factors for hearing impairment for Chinese children. Further studies on hearing impairment prevention and the relationship between parental social factors and the risk of hearing impairment are needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Chunfeng Yun & Zhenjie Wang & Jiamin Gao & Ping He & Chao Guo & Gong Chen & Xiaoying Zheng, 2017. "Prevalence and Social Risk Factors for Hearing Impairment in Chinese Children—A National Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:1:p:88-:d:88187
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Goman, A.M. & Lin, F.R., 2016. "Prevalence of hearing loss by severity in the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(10), pages 1820-1822.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kyu Young Choi & Bum Sang Lee & Hyo Geun Choi & Su-Kyoung Park, 2020. "Analysis of the Risk Factors Associated with Hearing Loss of Infants Admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A 13-Year Experience in a University Hospital in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-9, November.
    2. Yaroslava Robles-Bykbaev & Christian Oyola-Flores & Vladimir Espartaco Robles-Bykbaev & Martín López-Nores & Paola Ingavélez-Guerra & José Juan Pazos-Arias & Fernando Pesántez-Avilés & Manuel Ramos-Ca, 2019. "A Bespoke Social Network for Deaf Women in Ecuador to Access Information on Sexual and Reproductive Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-17, October.

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