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Acute Toxicity and Ecological Risk Assessment of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and Benzophenone-4 (BP-4) in Ultraviolet (UV)-Filters

Author

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  • Yang Du

    (School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210042, China
    Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi 210042, China)

  • Wen-Qian Wang

    (School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210042, China
    Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi 210042, China)

  • Zhou-Tao Pei

    (School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210042, China
    Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi 210042, China)

  • Fahmi Ahmad

    (School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210042, China
    Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi 210042, China)

  • Rou-Rou Xu

    (School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210042, China
    Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi 210042, China)

  • Yi-Min Zhang

    (Research Center of Watershed Ecological Conservation and Water Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China)

  • Li-Wei Sun

    (School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210042, China
    Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi 210042, China)

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing chemicals (UV filters) are used in personal care products for the protection of human skin and hair from damage by UV radiation. Although these substances are released into the environment in the production and consumption processes, little is known about their ecotoxicology effects. The acute toxicity and potential ecological risk of UV filters benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and benzophenone-4 (BP-4) on Chlorella vulgaris , Daphnia magna , and Brachydanio rerio were analyzed in the present study. The EC 50 values (96 h) of BP-3 and BP-4 on C. vulgaris were 2.98 and 201.00 mg/L, respectively. The 48 h-LC 50 of BP-3 and BP-4 on D. magna were 1.09 and 47.47 mg/L, respectively. The 96 h-LC 50 of BP-3 and BP-4 on B. rerio were 3.89 and 633.00 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of a mixture of BP-3 and BP-4 on C. vulgaris , D. magna , and B. rerio all showed antagonistic effects. The induced predicted no-effect concentrations of BP-3 and BP-4 by the assessment factor method were 1.80 × 10 −3 and 0.47 mg/L, respectively, by assessment factor (AF) method, which were both lower than the concentrations detected in the environment at present, verifying that BP-3 and BP-4 remain low-risk chemicals to the aquatic ecosystem.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang Du & Wen-Qian Wang & Zhou-Tao Pei & Fahmi Ahmad & Rou-Rou Xu & Yi-Min Zhang & Li-Wei Sun, 2017. "Acute Toxicity and Ecological Risk Assessment of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and Benzophenone-4 (BP-4) in Ultraviolet (UV)-Filters," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:11:p:1414-:d:119532
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hong-Qin Sun & Yang Du & Zi-Yang Zhang & Wen-Jing Jiang & Yan-Min Guo & Xi-Wu Lu & Yi-Min Zhang & Li-Wei Sun, 2016. "Acute Toxicity and Ecological Risk Assessment of Benzophenone and N,N -Diethyl-3 Methylbenzamide in Personal Care Products," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Huihui Chen & Xiaohong Gu & Qingfei Zeng & Zhigang Mao, 2019. "Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Carbamazepine on the Release of Chitobiase, Molting, and Reproduction in Daphnia similis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Wen-Qian Wang & Hai-Xin Duan & Zhou-Tao Pei & Rou-Rou Xu & Ze-Tian Qin & Guang-Can Zhu & Li-Wei Sun, 2018. "Evaluation by the Ames Assay of the Mutagenicity of UV Filters Using Benzophenone and Benzophenone-1," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-12, September.
    3. Jing Zhang & Wenqiang Wang & Zhoutao Pei & Jingya Wu & Ran Yu & Yimin Zhang & Liwei Sun & Yuexiang Gao, 2021. "Mutagenicity Assessment to Pesticide Adjuvants of Toluene, Chloroform, and Trichloroethylene by Ames Test," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, July.
    4. Nannan Yuan & Yuansheng Pei & Anping Bao & Changhui Wang, 2020. "The Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Daphnia magna to Dewatered Drinking Water Treatment Residue," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-14, August.
    5. Jae-Woong Jung & Jae Soon Kang & Jinsoo Choi & June-Woo Park, 2021. "A Novel Approach to Derive the Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) Using the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) Method: Suggestion of a New PNEC Value for BP-3," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-11, March.

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