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Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars

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  • Jeonghoon Kim

    (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
    Department of Environmental Health Research, Seoul Medical Center, 156 Sinnae-ro, Jungnang-gu, Seoul 131-795, Korea)

  • Hyunkyung Ban

    (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea)

  • Yunhyung Hwang

    (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea)

  • Kwonchul Ha

    (Department of Health Science & Biochemistry, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro Uichang-gu Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 641-773, Korea)

  • Kiyoung Lee

    (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
    Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea)

Abstract

In Korea, smoke-free regulations have been gradually implemented in bars based on venue size. Smoking bans were implemented in 2013 for bars ≥150 m 2 , in 2014 for bars ≥100 m 2 , and in 2015 for bars of all sizes. The purpose of this study was to determine indoor fine particle (PM 2.5 ) concentrations in bars before and after implementation of the smoke-free policies based on venue size. Indoor PM 2.5 concentrations were measured with real-time aerosol monitors at four time points: (1) pre-regulation ( n = 75); (2) after implementing the ban in bars ≥150 m 2 ( n = 75); (3) after implementing the ban in bars ≥100 m 2 ( n = 107); and (4) when all bars were smoke-free ( n = 79). Our results showed that the geometric mean of the indoor PM 2.5 concentrations of all bars decreased from 98.4 μg/m 3 pre-regulation to 79.5, 42.9, and 26.6 μg/m 3 after the ban on smoking in bars ≥150 m 2 , ≥100 m 2 , and all bars, respectively. Indoor PM 2.5 concentrations in bars of each size decreased only after the corresponding regulations were implemented. Although smoking was not observed in Seoul bars after smoking was banned in all bars, smoking was observed in 4 of 21 bars in Changwon. Our study concludes that the greatest decrease in PM 2.5 concentrations in bars was observed after the regulation covering all bars was implemented. However, despite the comprehensive ban, smoking was observed in bars in Changwon. Strict compliance with the regulations is needed to improve indoor air quality further.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeonghoon Kim & Hyunkyung Ban & Yunhyung Hwang & Kwonchul Ha & Kiyoung Lee, 2016. "Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-11, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:8:p:754-:d:74716
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Max, W. & Sung, H.-Y. & Shi, Y., 2012. "Deaths from secondhand smoke exposure in the United States: Economic implications," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(11), pages 2173-2180.
    2. Sturm, J.J. & Yeatts, K. & Loomis, D., 2004. "Effects of Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Asthma Prevalence and Medical Care Use in North Carolina Middle School Children," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(2), pages 308-313.
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