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Children’s Personal Exposure Measurements to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields in Italy

Author

Listed:
  • Ilaria Liorni

    (CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni IEIIT, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano 20133, Italy)

  • Marta Parazzini

    (CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni IEIIT, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano 20133, Italy)

  • Benjamin Struchen

    (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel 4002, Switzerland
    University of Basel, Basel 4003, Switzerland)

  • Serena Fiocchi

    (CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni IEIIT, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano 20133, Italy)

  • Martin Röösli

    (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel 4002, Switzerland
    University of Basel, Basel 4003, Switzerland)

  • Paolo Ravazzani

    (CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni IEIIT, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano 20133, Italy)

Abstract

Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) exposure is still a topic of concern due to their possible impact on children’s health. Although epidemiological studies claimed an evidence of a possible association between ELF-MF above 0.4 μT and childhood leukemia, biological mechanisms able to support a causal relationship between ELF-MF and this disease were not found yet. To provide further knowledge about children’s ELF-MF exposure correlated to children’s daily activities, a measurement study was conducted in Milan (Italy). Eighty-six children were recruited, 52 of whom were specifically chosen with respect to the distance to power lines and built-in transformers to oversample potentially highly exposed children. Personal and bedroom measurements were performed for each child in two different seasons. The major outcomes of this study are: (1) median values over 24-h personal and bedroom measurements were <3 μT established by the Italian law as the quality target; (2) geometric mean values over 24-h bedroom measurements were mostly <0.4 μT; (3) seasonal variations did not significantly influence personal and bedroom measurements; (4) the highest average MF levels were mostly found at home during the day and outdoors; (5) no significant differences were found in the median and geometric mean values between personal and bedroom measurements, but were found in the arithmetic mean.

Suggested Citation

  • Ilaria Liorni & Marta Parazzini & Benjamin Struchen & Serena Fiocchi & Martin Röösli & Paolo Ravazzani, 2016. "Children’s Personal Exposure Measurements to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:6:p:549-:d:71155
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Serena Fiocchi & Ilaria Liorni & Marta Parazzini & Paolo Ravazzani, 2015. "Assessment of Foetal Exposure to the Homogeneous Magnetic Field Harmonic Spectrum Generated by Electricity Transmission and Distribution Networks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-24, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Peter Gajšek & Paolo Ravazzani & James Grellier & Theodoros Samaras & József Bakos & György Thuróczy, 2016. "Review of Studies Concerning Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposure Assessment in Europe: Low Frequency Fields (50 Hz–100 kHz)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Marta Bonato & Marta Parazzini & Emma Chiaramello & Serena Fiocchi & Laurent Le Brusquet & Isabelle Magne & Martine Souques & Martin Röösli & Paolo Ravazzani, 2018. "Characterization of Children’s Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields by Stochastic Modeling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, September.

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