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Increased Urinary Phthalate Levels in Women with Uterine Leiomyoma: A Case-Control Study

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  • Young Ah Kim

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 170 Joohwa-ro, Goyang-si, Kyeogi-do 10380, Korea)

  • Younglim Kho

    (Department of Health, Environment and Safety, School of Human & Environmental Service, Eulji University, 553 Sansung-daero, Seongnam-si, Kyeogi-do 13135, Korea)

  • Kyoung Chul Chun

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 170 Joohwa-ro, Goyang-si, Kyeogi-do 10380, Korea)

  • Jae Whoan Koh

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 170 Joohwa-ro, Goyang-si, Kyeogi-do 10380, Korea)

  • Jeong Woo Park

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 170 Joohwa-ro, Goyang-si, Kyeogi-do 10380, Korea)

  • Melisa Bunderson-Schelvan

    (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Skaggs 283, Missoula, MT 59812, USA)

  • Yoon Hee Cho

    (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Skaggs 283, Missoula, MT 59812, USA)

Abstract

We assessed the urinary concentration of 16 phthalate metabolites in 57 women with and without uterine leiomyoma ( n = 30 and 27; respectively) to determine the association between phthalate exposure and uterine leiomyoma. To evaluate exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); we calculated the molar sum of DEHP metabolites; ∑3-DEHP (combining mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP); mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP); and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate); ∑4-DEHP (∑3-DEHP plus mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate); and ∑5-DEHP (∑4-DEHP plus mono (2-(carboxylmethyl)hexyl) phthalate (2cx-MMHP)). The log transformed urinary levels of MEHP; MEHHP; 2cx-MMHP; ∑3-DEHP; ∑4-DEHP; and ∑5-DEHP in the leiomyoma group were significantly higher than those of controls. When we adjusted for age; waist circumference; and parity using multiple logistic regression analyses; we found log ∑3-DEHP (OR = 10.82; 95% CI = 1.25; 93.46) and ∑4-DEHP (OR = 8.78; 95% CI = 1.03; 75.29) were significantly associated with uterine leiomyoma. Our findings suggest an association between phthalate exposure and uterine leiomyoma. However; larger studies are needed to investigate potential interactions between phthalate exposure and uterine leiomyoma.

Suggested Citation

  • Young Ah Kim & Younglim Kho & Kyoung Chul Chun & Jae Whoan Koh & Jeong Woo Park & Melisa Bunderson-Schelvan & Yoon Hee Cho, 2016. "Increased Urinary Phthalate Levels in Women with Uterine Leiomyoma: A Case-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:12:p:1247-:d:85306
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrea Tinelli & Marina Vinciguerra & Antonio Malvasi & Mladen Andjić & Ivana Babović & Radmila Sparić, 2021. "Uterine Fibroids and Diet," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-15, January.

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