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Association between the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Genetic Polymorphism and Diabetic Retinopathy—A Meta-Analysis Comprising 10,168 Subjects

Author

Listed:
  • Shasha Luo

    (Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chao Shi

    (Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Wuxi 214023, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Furu Wang

    (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210029, China)

  • Zhifeng Wu

    (Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, China)

Abstract

Aims—to address the inconclusive findings of the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a meta-analysis was conducted. Methods—we conducted a meta-analysis on 4252 DR cases and 5916 controls from 40 published studies by searching electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles. A random-effects or fixed-effects model was used to estimate the overall and stratification effect sizes on ACE I/D polymorphism on the risk of DR. Results—we found a significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of DR for all genetic model (ID vs. II: OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00–1.30; DD vs. II: OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.11–1.71; Allele contrast: OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.30; recessive model: OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02–1.51 and dominant model: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06–1.38, respectively). In stratified analysis by ethnicity and DM type, we further found that the Asian group with T2DM showed a significant association for all genetic models (ID vs. II: OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.30; DD vs. II: OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.14–2.08; Allele contrast: OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.47; recessive model: OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.07–1.88 and dominant model: OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07–1.49, respectively). Conclusion—our study suggested that the ACE I/D polymorphism may contribute to DR development, especially in the Asian group with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Prospective and more genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are needed to clarify the real role of the ACE gene in determining susceptibility to DR.

Suggested Citation

  • Shasha Luo & Chao Shi & Furu Wang & Zhifeng Wu, 2016. "Association between the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Genetic Polymorphism and Diabetic Retinopathy—A Meta-Analysis Comprising 10,168 Subjects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:11:p:1142-:d:82926
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Saba Saleem & Aisha Azam & Sundus Ijaz Maqsood & Irfan Muslim & Shaheena Bashir & Nosheen Fazal & Moeen Riaz & Syeda Hafiza Benish Ali & Muhammad Khizar Niazi & Mazhar Ishaq & Nadia Khalida Waheed & R, 2015. "Role of ACE and PAI-1 Polymorphisms in the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-8, December.
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