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The Potential of Sequential Extraction in the Characterisation and Management of Wastes from Steel Processing: A Prospective Review

Author

Listed:
  • Kiri J. Rodgers

    (School of Science & Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK)

  • Andrew Hursthouse

    (School of Science & Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Simon Cuthbert

    (School of Science & Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

As waste management regulations become more stringent, yet demand for resources continues to increase, there is a pressing need for innovative management techniques and more sophisticated supporting analysis techniques. Sequential extraction (SE) analysis, a technique previously applied to soils and sediments, offers the potential to gain a better understanding of the composition of solid wastes. SE attempts to classify potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by their associations with phases or fractions in waste, with the aim of improving resource use and reducing negative environmental impacts. In this review we explain how SE can be applied to steel wastes. These present challenges due to differences in sample characteristics compared with materials to which SE has been traditionally applied, specifically chemical composition, particle size and pH buffering capacity, which are critical when identifying a suitable SE method. We highlight the importance of delineating iron-rich phases, and find that the commonly applied BCR (The community Bureau of reference) extraction method is problematic due to difficulties with zinc speciation (a critical steel waste constituent), hence a substantially modified SEP is necessary to deal with particular characteristics of steel wastes. Successful development of SE for steel wastes could have wider implications, e.g., for the sustainable management of fly ash and mining wastes.

Suggested Citation

  • Kiri J. Rodgers & Andrew Hursthouse & Simon Cuthbert, 2015. "The Potential of Sequential Extraction in the Characterisation and Management of Wastes from Steel Processing: A Prospective Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-32, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:9:p:11724-11755:d:55989
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jing Li, 2014. "Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from the Yanghe River, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, November.
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