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Effects of Nano-CeO 2 with Different Nanocrystal Morphologies on Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells

Author

Listed:
  • Lili Wang

    (Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China
    Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Wenchao Ai

    (Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yanwu Zhai

    (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Haishan Li

    (Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China)

  • Kebin Zhou

    (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Huiming Chen

    (Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China)

Abstract

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nano-CeO 2 ) have been reported to cause damage and apoptosis in human primary hepatocytes. Here, we compared the toxicity of three types of nano-CeO 2 with different nanocrystal morphologies (cube-, octahedron-, and rod-like crystals) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). The cells were treated with the nano-CeO 2 at various concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/mL). The crystal structure, size and morphology of nano-CeO 2 were investigated by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The specific surface area was detected using the Brunauer, Emmet and Teller method. The cellular morphological and internal structure were observed by microscopy; apoptotic alterations were measured using flow cytometry; nuclear DNA, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in HepG2 cells were measured using high content screening technology. The scavenging ability of hydroxyl free radicals and the redox properties of the nano-CeO 2 were measured by square-wave voltammetry and temperature-programmed-reduction methods. All three types of nano-CeO 2 entered the HepG2 cells, localized in the lysosome and cytoplasm, altered cellular shape, and caused cytotoxicity. The nano-CeO 2 with smaller specific surface areas induced more apoptosis, caused an increase in MMP, ROS and GSH, and lowered the cell’s ability to scavenge hydroxyl free radicals and antioxidants. In this work, our data demonstrated that compared with cube-like and octahedron-like nano-CeO 2 , the rod-like nano-CeO 2 has lowest toxicity to HepG2 cells owing to its larger specific surface areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Lili Wang & Wenchao Ai & Yanwu Zhai & Haishan Li & Kebin Zhou & Huiming Chen, 2015. "Effects of Nano-CeO 2 with Different Nanocrystal Morphologies on Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:9:p:10806-10819:d:55162
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    Cited by:

    1. Yan Li & Hua Yu & Siqian Zheng & Yang Miao & Shi Yin & Peng Li & Ying Bian, 2016. "Direct Quantification of Rare Earth Elements Concentrations in Urine of Workers Manufacturing Cerium, Lanthanum Oxide Ultrafine and Nanoparticles by a Developed and Validated ICP-MS," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-10, March.

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