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Mineralization and Detoxification of the Carcinogenic Azo Dye Congo Red and Real Textile Effluent by a Polyurethane Foam Immobilized Microbial Consortium in an Upflow Column Bioreactor

Author

Listed:
  • Harshad Lade

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea)

  • Sanjay Govindwar

    (Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India)

  • Diby Paul

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea)

Abstract

A microbial consortium that is able to grow in wheat bran (WB) medium and decolorize the carcinogenic azo dye Congo red (CR) was developed. The microbial consortium was immobilized on polyurethane foam (PUF). Batch studies with the PUF-immobilized microbial consortium showed complete removal of CR dye (100 mg·L −1 ) within 12 h at pH 7.5 and temperature 30 ± 0.2 °C under microaerophilic conditions. Additionally, 92% American Dye Manufactureing Institute (ADMI) removal for real textile effluent (RTE, 50%) was also observed within 20 h under the same conditions. An upflow column reactor containing PUF- immobilized microbial consortium achieved 99% CR dye ( 100 mg·L −1 ) a nd 92% ADMI removal of RTE (50%) at 35 and 20 mL·h −l flow rates, respectively. Consequent reduction in TOC (83 and 79%), COD (85 and 83%) and BOD (79 and 78%) of CR dye and RTE were also observed, which suggested mineralization. The decolorization process was traced to be enzymatic as treated samples showed significant induction of oxidoreductive enzymes. The proposed biodegradation pathway of the dye revealed the formation of lower molecular weight compounds. Toxicity studies with a plant bioassay and acute tests indicated that the PUF-immobilized microbial consortium favors detoxification of the dye and textile effluents.

Suggested Citation

  • Harshad Lade & Sanjay Govindwar & Diby Paul, 2015. "Mineralization and Detoxification of the Carcinogenic Azo Dye Congo Red and Real Textile Effluent by a Polyurethane Foam Immobilized Microbial Consortium in an Upflow Column Bioreactor," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-25, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:6:p:6894-6918:d:51201
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Harshad Lade & Avinash Kadam & Diby Paul & Sanjay Govindwar, 2015. "A Low-Cost Wheat Bran Medium for Biodegradation of the Benzidine-Based Carcinogenic Dye Trypan Blue Using a Microbial Consortium," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-26, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Ikram & Mohammad Naeem & Muhammad Zahoor & Abdur Rahim & Marlia Mohd Hanafiah & Adeleke Abdulrahman Oyekanmi & Abdul Bari Shah & Mater H. Mahnashi & Amer Al Ali & Naif A. Jalal & Farkad Bantu, 2022. "Biodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Red by Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Optimization of Process Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-28, August.

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    1. Muhammad Ikram & Mohammad Naeem & Muhammad Zahoor & Abdur Rahim & Marlia Mohd Hanafiah & Adeleke Abdulrahman Oyekanmi & Abdul Bari Shah & Mater H. Mahnashi & Amer Al Ali & Naif A. Jalal & Farkad Bantu, 2022. "Biodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Red by Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Optimization of Process Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-28, August.

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