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Early Exposure to Intermediate-Frequency Magnetic Fields Alters Brain Biomarkers without Histopathological Changes in Adult Mice

Author

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  • Tin-Tin Win-Shwe

    (Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

  • Shin Ohtani

    (Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako City, Saitama 351-0197, Japan)

  • Akira Ushiyama

    (Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako City, Saitama 351-0197, Japan)

  • Naoki Kunugita

    (Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako City, Saitama 351-0197, Japan)

Abstract

Recently we have reported that intermediate-frequency magnetic field (IF-MF) exposure transiently altered the mRNA expression levels of memory function-related genes in the hippocampi of adult male mice. However, the effects of IF-MF exposure during brain development on neurological biomarkers have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we investigated the effect of IF-MF exposure during development on neurological and immunological markers in the mouse hippocampus in 3- and 7-week-old male mice. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to IF-MF (21 kHz, 3.8 mT) for one hour per day from organogenesis period day 7 to 17. At adolescence, some IF-MF-exposed mice were further divided into exposure, recovery, and sham-exposure groups. The adolescent-exposure groups were exposed again to IF-MF from postnatal day 27 to 48. The expression of mRNA in the hippocampi was examined using a real-time RT-PCR method, and microglia activation was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. The expression levels of NR1 and NR2B as well as transcription factors (CaMKIV, CREB1), inflammatory mediators (COX2, IL-1 b,TNF-α), and the oxidative stress marker heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 were significantly increased in the IF-MF-exposed mice, compared with the control group, in the 7-week-old mice, but not in the 3-week-old mice. Microglia activation was not different between the control and other groups. This study provides the first evidence that early exposure to IF-MF reversibly affects the NMDA receptor, its related signaling pathways, and inflammatory mediators in the hippocampus of young adult mice; these changes are transient and recover after termination of exposure without histopathological changes.

Suggested Citation

  • Tin-Tin Win-Shwe & Shin Ohtani & Akira Ushiyama & Naoki Kunugita, 2015. "Early Exposure to Intermediate-Frequency Magnetic Fields Alters Brain Biomarkers without Histopathological Changes in Adult Mice," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-16, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:4:p:4406-4421:d:48541
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Soe-Minn Htway & Mya-Thanda Sein & Keiko Nohara & Tin-Tin Win-Shwe, 2019. "Effects of Developmental Arsenic Exposure on the Social Behavior and Related Gene Expression in C3H Adult Male Mice," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Takumi Kitajima & Joachim Schüz & Akemi Morita & Wakaha Ikeda & Hirokazu Tanaka & Kayo Togawa & Esteban C. Gabazza & Masao Taki & Kuniaki Toriyabe & Tomoaki Ikeda & Shigeru Sokejima, 2022. "Measurement of Intermediate Frequency Magnetic Fields Generated by Household Induction Cookers for Epidemiological Studies and Development of an Exposure Estimation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-13, September.

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