IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v12y2015i2p1651-1666d45334.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Characterization of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields from Diesel, Gasoline and Hybrid Cars under Controlled Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Ronen Hareuveny

    (Radiation Protection Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel)

  • Madhuri Sudan

    (Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA)

  • Malka N. Halgamuge

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC-3010, Australia)

  • Yoav Yaffe

    (Radiation Protection Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel)

  • Yuval Tzabari

    (Rehovot Center for Gifted Children, Rehovot, Israel)

  • Daniel Namir

    (Rehovot Center for Gifted Children, Rehovot, Israel)

  • Leeka Kheifets

    (Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA)

Abstract

This study characterizes extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF) levels in 10 car models. Extensive measurements were conducted in three diesel, four gasoline, and three hybrid cars, under similar controlled conditions and negligible background fields. Averaged over all four seats under various driving scenarios the fields were lowest in diesel cars (0.02 μT), higher for gasoline (0.04–0.05 μT) and highest in hybrids (0.06–0.09 μT), but all were in-line with daily exposures from other sources. Hybrid cars had the highest mean and 95th percentile MF levels, and an especially large percentage of measurements above 0.2 μT. These parameters were also higher for moving conditions compared to standing while idling or revving at 2500 RPM and higher still at 80 km/h compared to 40 km/h. Fields in non-hybrid cars were higher at the front seats, while in hybrid cars they were higher at the back seats, particularly the back right seat where 16%–69% of measurements were greater than 0.2 μT. As our results do not include low frequency fields (below 30 Hz) that might be generated by tire rotation, we suggest that net currents flowing through the cars’ metallic chassis may be a possible source of MF. Larger surveys in standardized and well-described settings should be conducted with different types of vehicles and with spectral analysis of fields including lower frequencies due to magnetization of tires.

Suggested Citation

  • Ronen Hareuveny & Madhuri Sudan & Malka N. Halgamuge & Yoav Yaffe & Yuval Tzabari & Daniel Namir & Leeka Kheifets, 2015. "Characterization of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields from Diesel, Gasoline and Hybrid Cars under Controlled Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:2:p:1651-1666:d:45334
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/2/1651/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/2/1651/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Malka N. Halgamuge, 2015. "Radio Hazard Safety Assessment for Marine Ship Transmitters: Measurements Using a New Data Collection Method and Comparison with ICNIRP and ARPANSA Limits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Yaqing He & Weinong Sun & Peter Sai-Wing Leung & Yuk-Tak Chow, 2019. "Effect of Static Magnetic Field of Electric Vehicles on Driving Performance and on Neuro-Psychological Cognitive Functions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-10, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:2:p:1651-1666:d:45334. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.