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Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Workers: The Role of Interactions between Smoking and Alcohol to Nutrition and Exercise

Author

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  • Jui-Hua Huang

    (Occupational Health Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ren-Hau Li

    (Department of Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Shu-Ling Huang

    (Department of Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
    Room of Clinical Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Hon-Ke Sia

    (Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan)

  • Yu-Ling Chen

    (Occupational Health Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan)

  • Feng-Cheng Tang

    (Department of Occupational Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
    Department of Leisure Services Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate (1) relations of smoking and alcohol to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, with nutrition and exercise controlled; and (2) interactions between smoking/alcohol and nutrition/exercise on MetS. This cross-sectional study enrolled 4025 workers. Self-reported lifestyles, anthropometric values, blood pressure (BP), and biochemical determinations were obtained. Among males, smoking significantly increased the risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglyceride, abdominal obesity (AO), and MetS. Additionally, smoking showed significant interaction effects with nutrition on high BP, AO, and MetS; after further analysis, nutrition did not decrease above-mentioned risks for smokers. However, there was no significant interaction of smoking with exercise on any metabolic parameter. Alcohol increased the risk of AO, but decreased low HDL-C. It also showed an interaction effect with exercise on AO; after further analysis, exercise decreased AO risk for drinkers. Among females, alcohol significantly decreased the risk of high fasting blood glucose, but did not show significant interaction with nutrition/exercise on any metabolic parameter. In conclusion, in males, smoking retained significant associations with MetS and its components, even considering benefits of nutrition; exercise kept predominance on lipid parameters regardless of smoking status. Alcohol showed inconsistencies on metabolic parameters for both genders.

Suggested Citation

  • Jui-Hua Huang & Ren-Hau Li & Shu-Ling Huang & Hon-Ke Sia & Yu-Ling Chen & Feng-Cheng Tang, 2015. "Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Workers: The Role of Interactions between Smoking and Alcohol to Nutrition and Exercise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:12:p:15035-15978:d:60722
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mona Choi & Hye‐A Yeom & Dukyoo Jung, 2013. "Association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome in older adults in Korea: Analysis of data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV," Nursing & Health Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(3), pages 379-386, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hosihn Ryu & Jihyeon Moon & Jiyeon Jung, 2018. "Influence of Health Behaviors and Occupational Stress on Prediabetic State among Male Office Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-13, June.
    2. André Luiz Brandão Costa & Magno Conceição das Merces & Amália Ivine Costa Santana & Douglas de Souza e Silva & Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll Pimentel & Pedro Carlos Muniz de Figueiredo & Tatiana Santos Bra, 2021. "The Prevalence of Abdominal Adiposity among Primary Health Care Physicians in Bahia, Brazil: An Epidemiological Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-10, January.
    3. Duk Youn Cho & Jung-Wan Koo, 2018. "Differences in Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Employment Type and Sex," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-10, August.

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