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Assessment of the Physicochemical Qualities and Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Vibrios in the Final Effluents of Two Wastewater Treatment Plants in South Africa: Ecological and Public Health Implications

Author

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  • Olayinka Osuolale

    (SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Anthony Okoh

    (SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The final effluents of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were evaluated for their physicochemical and microbiological qualities over a period of 12 months. The physicochemical parameters assessed ranged as follows both plants. The ranges of values for the physicochemical are: pH (3.9–8.6), total dissolved solids (86.50–336.3 mg/L), electrical conductivity (13.57–52.50 mS/m), temperature (13–28 °C), nitrate (0–21.73 mg/L), nitrite (0.01–0.60 mg/L), orthophosphate (1.29–20.57 mg/L), turbidity (4.02–43.20 NTU), free chlorine (0.05–7.18 mg/L), dissolve oxygen (3.91–9.60 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (0.1–9.0 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (4.67–211 mg/L). The microbiological assessment for both WWTPs revealed the presence of E. coli in counts ranging between 0 and 1.86 × 10 4 CFU/100 mL and Vibrio counts ranging between 0 and 9.93 × 10 3 CFU/100 mL. We conclude that these WWTPs are important point sources of pollution in surface water with potential public health and ecological risks.

Suggested Citation

  • Olayinka Osuolale & Anthony Okoh, 2015. "Assessment of the Physicochemical Qualities and Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Vibrios in the Final Effluents of Two Wastewater Treatment Plants in South Africa: Ecological and Public Health Impli," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:10:p:13399-13412:d:57694
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Etinosa O. Igbinosa & Anthony I. Okoh, 2010. "Vibrio Fluvialis : An Unusual Enteric Pathogen of Increasing Public Health Concern," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Emmanuel E. Odjadjare & Etinosa O. Igbinosa & Raphael Mordi & Bright Igere & Clara L. Igeleke & Anthony I. Okoh, 2012. "Prevalence of Multiple Antibiotics Resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas Species in the Final Effluents of Three Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-16, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stenly Makuwa & Matsobane Tlou & Elvis Fosso-Kankeu & Ezekiel Green, 2020. "Evaluation of Fecal Coliform Prevalence and Physicochemical Indicators in the Effluent from a Wastewater Treatment Plant in the North-West Province, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, September.

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