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Perceived and Objective Measures of Neighborhood Walkability and Physical Activity among Adults in Japan: A Multilevel Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample

Author

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  • Tomoya Hanibuchi

    (School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, 101 Tokodachi, Kaizu-Cho, Toyota, Aichi 470-0393, Japan)

  • Tomoki Nakaya

    (Department of Geography and Research Institute for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University, 58 Komatsubara Kitamachi, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8341, Japan)

  • Mayuko Yonejima

    (Kinugasa Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 56-1 Toji-in Kitamachi, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8577, Japan)

  • Kaori Honjo

    (Global Collaboration Center, Osaka University, 2-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan)

Abstract

Although associations between a person’s neighborhood and their health have been studied internationally, most studies have been limited to a few cities or towns. Therefore, we used a nationally representative sample to explore whether perceived and objective neighborhood walkability was associated with the physical activity of residents. Data were analyzed from the Japanese General Social Surveys of 2010 ( n = 2395; 1114 men and 1281 women). Perceived walkability was scored using factor analysis for the respondents’ perceptions of neighborhood conditions, while objective walkability was measured using the geographic information system approach. Finally, multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to examine whether neighborhood walkability was associated with the frequency of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among respondents. We found that perceived walkability was positively associated with the frequency of LTPA (odds ratio of the highest quartile was 1.53 (1.14–2.05) compared with the lowest quartile); however, objective walkability showed no association. When stratified by gender, an association between perceived walkability and LTPA was observed among women, but only a marginally significant association was present between objective walkability and LTPA among men. We conclude that the association between neighborhood walkability and LTPA can be partially generalized across Japan.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomoya Hanibuchi & Tomoki Nakaya & Mayuko Yonejima & Kaori Honjo, 2015. "Perceived and Objective Measures of Neighborhood Walkability and Physical Activity among Adults in Japan: A Multilevel Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:10:p:13350-13364:d:57648
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gerlinde Grasser & Delfien Dyck & Sylvia Titze & Willibald Stronegger, 2013. "Objectively measured walkability and active transport and weight-related outcomes in adults: a systematic review," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(4), pages 615-625, August.
    2. Ferdinand, A.O. & Sen, B. & Rahurkar, S. & Engler, S. & Menachemi, N., 2012. "The relationship between built environments and physical activity: A systematic review," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(10), pages 7-13.
    3. Yoshinobu Saito & Yuko Oguma & Shigeru Inoue & Ayumi Tanaka & Yoshitaka Kobori, 2013. "Environmental and Individual Correlates of Various Types of Physical Activity among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Elderly Japanese," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-15, May.
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    1. Daichi Okabe & Taishi Tsuji & Masamichi Hanazato & Yasuhiro Miyaguni & Nao Asada & Katsunori Kondo, 2019. "Neighborhood Walkability in Relation to Knee and Low Back Pain in Older People: A Multilevel Cross-Sectional Study from the JAGES," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Mohammad Javad Koohsari & Andrew T. Kaczynski & Tomoya Hanibuchi & Ai Shibata & Kaori Ishii & Akitomo Yasunaga & Tomoki Nakaya & Koichiro Oka, 2018. "Physical Activity Environment and Japanese Adults’ Body Mass Index," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-11, March.
    3. Kimihiro Hino & Hiroyuki Usui & Masamichi Hanazato, 2020. "Three-Year Longitudinal Association Between Built Environmental Factors and Decline in Older Adults’ Step Count: Gaining insights for Age-Friendly Urban Planning and Design," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-11, June.
    4. Yuanying Li & Hiroshi Yatsuya & Tomoya Hanibuchi & Atsuhiko Ota & Hisao Naito & Rei Otsuka & Chiyoe Murata & Yoshihisa Hirakawa & Chifa Chiang & Mayu Uemura & Koji Tamakoshi & Atsuko Aoyama, 2020. "Positive Association of Physical Activity with Both Objective and Perceived Measures of the Neighborhood Environment among Older Adults: The Aichi Workers’ Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, October.
    5. Hiroyuki Kikuchi & Tomoki Nakaya & Tomoya Hanibuchi & Noritoshi Fukushima & Shiho Amagasa & Koichiro Oka & James F. Sallis & Shigeru Inoue, 2018. "Objectively Measured Neighborhood Walkability and Change in Physical Activity in Older Japanese Adults: A Five-Year Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-14, August.
    6. Michiko Watanabe & Yugo Shobugawa & Atsushi Tashiro & Asami Ota & Tsubasa Suzuki & Tomoko Tsubokawa & Katsunori Kondo & Reiko Saito, 2020. "Association between Neighborhood Environment and Quality of Sleep in Older Adult Residents Living in Japan: The JAGES 2010 Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-24, February.
    7. Mika R. Moran & Efrat Eizenberg & Pnina Plaut, 2017. "Getting to Know a Place: Built Environment Walkability and Children’s Spatial Representation of Their Home-School (h–s) Route," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, June.
    8. Wyatt A. Jensen & Barbara B. Brown & Ken R. Smith & Simon C. Brewer & Jonathan W. Amburgey & Brett McIff, 2017. "Active Transportation on a Complete Street: Perceived and Audited Walkability Correlates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Steffen Andreas Schüle & Sarah Nanninga & Stefanie Dreger & Gabriele Bolte, 2018. "Relations between Objective and Perceived Built Environments and the Modifying Role of Individual Socioeconomic Position. A Cross-Sectional Study on Traffic Noise and Urban Green Space in a Large Germ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-13, July.
    10. Katherine Brookfield & Sara Tilley, 2016. "Using Virtual Street Audits to Understand the Walkability of Older Adults’ Route Choices by Gender and Age," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-12, October.

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