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Noise in the Sea and Its Impacts on Marine Organisms

Author

Listed:
  • Chao Peng

    (College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China)

  • Xinguo Zhao

    (College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China)

  • Guangxu Liu

    (College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China)

Abstract

With the growing utilization and exploration of the ocean, anthropogenic noise increases significantly and gives rise to a new kind of pollution: noise pollution. In this review, the source and the characteristics of noise in the sea, the significance of sound to marine organisms, and the impacts of noise on marine organisms are summarized. In general, the studies about the impact of noise on marine organisms are mainly on adult fish and mammals, which account for more than 50% and 20% of all the cases reported. Studies showed that anthropogenic noise can cause auditory masking, leading to cochlear damage, changes in individual and social behavior, altered metabolisms, hampered population recruitment, and can subsequently affect the health and service functions of marine ecosystems. However, since different sampling methodologies and unstandarized measurements were used and the effects of noise on marine organisms are dependent on the characteristics of the species and noise investigated, it is difficult to compare the reported results. Moreover, the scarcity of studies carried out with other species and with larval or juvenile individuals severely constrains the present understanding of noise pollution. In addition, further studies are needed to reveal in detail the causes for the detected impacts.

Suggested Citation

  • Chao Peng & Xinguo Zhao & Guangxu Liu, 2015. "Noise in the Sea and Its Impacts on Marine Organisms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:10:p:12304-12323:d:56619
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. A. Frantzis, 1998. "Does acoustic testing strand whales?," Nature, Nature, vol. 392(6671), pages 29-29, March.
    2. Patrick J. O. Miller & Nicoletta Biassoni & Amy Samuels & Peter L. Tyack, 2000. "Whale songs lengthen in response to sonar," Nature, Nature, vol. 405(6789), pages 903-903, June.
    3. Brandon M Casper & Michele B Halvorsen & Frazer Matthews & Thomas J Carlson & Arthur N Popper, 2013. "Recovery of Barotrauma Injuries Resulting from Exposure to Pile Driving Sound in Two Sizes of Hybrid Striped Bass," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-1, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maruf & Yen-Chiang Chang, 2023. "Further Development of the Law of the Sea Convention in the Anthropocene Era: The Case of Anthropogenic Underwater Noise," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-27, June.
    2. Pier Francesco Moretti & Alice Affatati, 2023. "Understanding the Impact of Underwater Noise to Preserve Marine Ecosystems and Manage Anthropogenic Activities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Giulio Arcangeli & Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Veronica Traversini & Simone De Sio & Emanuele Cannizzaro & Raymond Paul Galea & Nicola Mucci, 2022. "Neurobehavioral Alterations from Noise Exposure in Animals: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-21, December.

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