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Combination of a Fast Cleanup Procedure and a DR-CALUX ® Bioassay for Dioxin Surveillance in Taiwanese Soils

Author

Listed:
  • Ding-Yan Lin

    (Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan)

  • Yi-Pin Lee

    (Division 5 of the Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Environmental Protection Administration, Zhongli, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan)

  • Chiu-Ping Li

    (Division 5 of the Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Environmental Protection Administration, Zhongli, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan)

  • Kai-Hsien Chi

    (Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, National Yang-Ming University, Beitou Dist., Taipei City 112, Taiwan)

  • Bo-Wei P. Liang

    (Environmental Engineering Department Ⅱ, Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Ltd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 114, Taiwan)

  • Wen-Yao Liu

    (MWH Americas Inc., Taiwan Branch, Daan Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
    Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Daan Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan)

  • Chih-Cheng Wang

    (MWH Americas Inc., Taiwan Branch, Daan Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan)

  • Susana Lin

    (International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan)

  • Ting-Chien Chen

    (Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan)

  • Kuei-Jyum C. Yeh

    (Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan)

  • Ping-Chi Hsu

    (Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan)

  • Yi-Chyun Hsu

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kun Shan University, Yongkang Dist., Tainan City 710, Taiwan)

  • How-Ran Chao

    (Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan)

  • Tsui-Chun Tsou

    (Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan)

Abstract

Our goal was to determine dioxin levels in 800 soil samples collected from Taiwan. An in vitro DR-CALUX ® assay was carried out with the help of an automated Soxhlet system and fast cleanup column. The mean dioxin level of 800 soil samples was 36.0 pg-bioanalytical equivalents (BEQs)/g dry weight (d.w.). Soil dioxin-BEQs were higher in northern Taiwan (61.8 pg-BEQ/g d.w.) than in central, southern, and eastern Taiwan (22.2, 24.9, and 7.80 pg-BEQ/g d.w., respectively). Analysis of multiple linear regression models identified four major predictors of dioxin-BEQs including soil sampling location ( β = 0.097, p < 0.001), land use ( β = 0.065, p < 0.001), soil brightness ( β = 0.170, p < 0.001), and soil moisture ( β = 0.051, p = 0.020), with adjusted R 2 = 0.947 ( p < 0.001) (n = 662). An univariate logistic regression analysis with the cut-off point of 33.4 pg-BEQ/g d.w. showed significant odds ratios (ORs) for soil sampling location (OR = 2.43, p < 0.001), land use (OR = 1.47, p < 0.001), and soil brightness (OR = 2.83, p = 0.009). In conclusion, four variables, including soil sampling location, land use, soil brightness, and soil moisture, may be related to soil-dioxin contamination. Soil samples collected in northern Taiwan, and especially in Bade City, soils near industrial areas, and soils with darker color may contain higher dioxin-BEQ levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Ding-Yan Lin & Yi-Pin Lee & Chiu-Ping Li & Kai-Hsien Chi & Bo-Wei P. Liang & Wen-Yao Liu & Chih-Cheng Wang & Susana Lin & Ting-Chien Chen & Kuei-Jyum C. Yeh & Ping-Chi Hsu & Yi-Chyun Hsu & How-Ran Cha, 2014. "Combination of a Fast Cleanup Procedure and a DR-CALUX ® Bioassay for Dioxin Surveillance in Taiwanese Soils," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:5:p:4886-4904:d:35796
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