IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jftint/v16y2024i9p347-d1483755.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Improved Routing Protocol for Optimum Quality of Service in Device-to-Device and Energy Efficiency in 5G/B5G

Author

Listed:
  • Sanusi Mohammad Bunu

    (School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK)

  • Omar Younis Alani

    (School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK)

  • Mohammad Saraee

    (School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK)

Abstract

Some challenges when implementing the optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol on real-life devices and simulators are unmanageable: link quality, rapid energy depletion, and high processor loads. The causes of these challenges are link state processing, unsuitable multipoint relay (MPR) nodes, and information base maintenance. This paper proposes a structured, energy-efficient link sensing and database maintenance technique. The improved OLSR in the paper replaces the OLSRv2’s HELLO, HELLO, and Topology Control (TC) message sequence with a new sequence. MPR nodes are not mandated to broadcast TC messages if the number of nodes and their OLSRv2 addresses remain unchanged after subsequent broadcasts or if no node reported 2-hop symmetric connections. The paper further proposes an MPR selection technique that considers four parameters: node battery level, mobility speed, node degree, and connection to the base station for optimum relay selection. It combines the four parameters into one metric to reduce energy dissipation and control routing overhead. The modifications were implemented in NS-3, and the simulation results show that our improved OLSR outperforms the existing OLSR, OLSRv2 and other improved routing protocols in energy consumption, routing overhead, the packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay, as compared to the related literature.

Suggested Citation

  • Sanusi Mohammad Bunu & Omar Younis Alani & Mohammad Saraee, 2024. "An Improved Routing Protocol for Optimum Quality of Service in Device-to-Device and Energy Efficiency in 5G/B5G," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-31, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:16:y:2024:i:9:p:347-:d:1483755
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/9/347/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/9/347/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Omuwa Oyakhire & Koichi Gyoda, 2020. "Improved Proactive Routing Protocol Considering Node Density Using Game Theory in Dense Networks," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-12, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.

      Corrections

      All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:16:y:2024:i:9:p:347-:d:1483755. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

      If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

      If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

      If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

      For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

      Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

      IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.