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E-SAWM: A Semantic Analysis-Based ODF Watermarking Algorithm for Edge Cloud Scenarios

Author

Listed:
  • Lijun Zu

    (School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
    China UnionPay Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
    Institute of Financial Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Hongyi Li

    (School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Liang Zhang

    (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210012, China)

  • Zhihui Lu

    (School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
    Institute of Financial Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Jiawei Ye

    (School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Xiaoxia Zhao

    (China UnionPay Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China)

  • Shijing Hu

    (School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

Abstract

With the growing demand for data sharing file formats in financial applications driven by open banking, the use of the OFD (open fixed-layout document) format has become widespread. However, ensuring data security, traceability, and accountability poses significant challenges. To address these concerns, we propose E-SAWM, a dynamic watermarking service framework designed for edge cloud scenarios. This framework incorporates dynamic watermark information at the edge, allowing for precise tracking of data leakage throughout the data-sharing process. By utilizing semantic analysis, E-SAWM generates highly realistic pseudostatements that exploit the structural characteristics of documents within OFD files. These pseudostatements are strategically distributed to embed redundant bits into the structural documents, ensuring that the watermark remains resistant to removal or complete destruction. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm has a minimal impact on the original file size, with the watermarked text occupying less than 15%, indicating a high capacity for carrying the watermark. Additionally, compared to existing explicit watermarking schemes for OFD files based on annotation structure, our proposed watermarking scheme is suitable for the technical requirements of complex dynamic watermarking in edge cloud scenario deployment. It effectively overcomes vulnerabilities associated with easy deletion and tampering, providing high concealment and robustness.

Suggested Citation

  • Lijun Zu & Hongyi Li & Liang Zhang & Zhihui Lu & Jiawei Ye & Xiaoxia Zhao & Shijing Hu, 2023. "E-SAWM: A Semantic Analysis-Based ODF Watermarking Algorithm for Edge Cloud Scenarios," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:283-:d:1222314
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Qiang Duan & Zhihui Lu, 2024. "Edge Cloud Computing and Federated–Split Learning in Internet of Things," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-4, June.
    2. Lijun Zu & Wenyu Qi & Hongyi Li & Xiaohua Men & Zhihui Lu & Jiawei Ye & Liang Zhang, 2024. "UP-SDCG: A Method of Sensitive Data Classification for Collaborative Edge Computing in Financial Cloud Environment," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-24, March.

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