IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jftint/v11y2018i1p3-d192196.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Security Risk Analysis of LoRaWAN and Future Directions

Author

Listed:
  • Ismail Butun

    (Information Systems and Technology, Mid Sweden University, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden)

  • Nuno Pereira

    (School of Engineering (DEI/ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto (IPP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal)

  • Mikael Gidlund

    (Information Systems and Technology, Mid Sweden University, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden)

Abstract

LoRa (along with its upper layers definition—LoRaWAN) is one of the most promising Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies for implementing Internet of Things (IoT)-based applications. Although being a popular technology, several works in the literature have revealed vulnerabilities and risks regarding the security of LoRaWAN v1.0 (the official 1st specification draft). The LoRa-Alliance has built upon these findings and introduced several improvements in the security and architecture of LoRa. The result of these efforts resulted in LoRaWAN v1.1, released on 11 October 2017. This work aims at reviewing and clarifying the security aspects of LoRaWAN v1.1. By following ETSI guidelines, we provide a comprehensive Security Risk Analysis of the protocol and discuss several remedies to the security risks described. A threat catalog is presented, along with discussions and analysis in view of the scale, impact, and likelihood of each threat. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is one of the first of its kind, by providing a detailed security risk analysis related to the latest version of LoRaWAN. Our analysis highlights important practical threats, such as end-device physical capture, rogue gateway and self-replay, which require particular attention by developers and organizations implementing LoRa networks.

Suggested Citation

  • Ismail Butun & Nuno Pereira & Mikael Gidlund, 2018. "Security Risk Analysis of LoRaWAN and Future Directions," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:11:y:2018:i:1:p:3-:d:192196
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/1/3/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/1/3/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Koketso Ntshabele & Bassey Isong & Naison Gasela & Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz, 2022. "A Comprehensive Analysis of LoRaWAN Key Security Models and Possible Attack Solutions," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-19, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:11:y:2018:i:1:p:3-:d:192196. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.