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Factors Affecting Alkaline Sodium Silicate Gelation for In-Depth Reservoir Profile Modification

Author

Listed:
  • Aly A. Hamouda

    (Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway)

  • Hossien A. Akhlaghi Amiri

    (Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway)

Abstract

Alkaline sodium silicate (Na-silicate) is environment-friendly and possesses water-like viscosity during the injection stage for in-depth reservoir treatment to enhance sweep efficiency. Gel setting time ( t g ) and gel strength are interrelated. Factors that accelerate t g are Na-silicate content (wt%), low pH, presence of divalent ions and temperature. Pressure drop across the gel accelerates syneresis; however, the gel appeared to remain intact. Presence of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions is shown to increase gel strength. With a Na-silicate content of 4.5 wt%, for example, at a pH of 10.3 and a temperature of 20 °C, gel strength almost tripled and was reached about eight times faster at the combined tested concentration of 0.009 M, based on the average effect from the coexistence of both ions. Low-salinity water (LSW) has an ion composition of 25-fold diluted seawater, did not show precipitation, and could accordingly be a candidate for a pre-flush before the injection of a Na-silicate solution in the event of a field application. This is important since LSW for enhancing oil recovery is a popular method in oil industry. A suggested predictive tool (simple graphical method) to estimate the effect of different factors on gelation time and gel strength is presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Aly A. Hamouda & Hossien A. Akhlaghi Amiri, 2014. "Factors Affecting Alkaline Sodium Silicate Gelation for In-Depth Reservoir Profile Modification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:2:p:568-590:d:32563
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    Cited by:

    1. Amer Hassan & Mohammed Arif & M. Shariq & Thamer Alomayri & Sandra Pereira, 2023. "Fire resistance characteristics of geopolymer concrete for environmental sustainability: a review of thermal, mechanical and microstructure properties," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(9), pages 8975-9010, September.
    2. Yongpeng Sun & Yanchao Fang & Ang Chen & Qing You & Caili Dai & Rui Cheng & Yifei Liu, 2017. "Gelation Behavior Study of a Resorcinol–Hexamethyleneteramine Crosslinked Polymer Gel for Water Shut-Off Treatment in Low Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-13, July.

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