A Hybrid Machine Learning Framework for Early Fault Detection in Power Transformers Using PSO and DMO Algorithms

The early detection of faults in power transformers is crucial for ensuring operational reliability and minimizing system disruptions. This study introduces a novel machine learning framework that integrates Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Dwarf Mongoose Optimization (DMO) algorithms for feature selection and hyperparameter tuning, combined with advanced classifiers such as Decision Trees (DT), Random Forests (RF), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). A 5-fold cross-validation approach was employed to ensure a robust performance evaluation. Feature extraction was performed using both Discrete Wavelet Decomposition (DWD) and Matching Pursuit (MP), providing a comprehensive representation of the dataset comprising 2400 samples and 41 extracted features. Experimental validation demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed framework. The PSO-optimized RF model achieved the highest accuracy of 97.71%, with a precision of 98.02% and an F1 score of 98.63%, followed by the PSO-DT model with a 95.00% accuracy. Similarly, the DMO-optimized RF model recorded an accuracy of 98.33%, with a precision of 98.80% and an F1 score of 99.04%, outperforming other DMO-based classifiers. This novel framework demonstrates significant advancements in transformer protection by enabling accurate and early fault detection, thereby enhancing the reliability and safety of power systems.